Abstract
Recently, there has been widespread interest in the use of non-invasive methods for the assessment of airway inflammation in a variety of lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sputum induction is a semi-invasive technique the value of which is not restricted to sputum cell counts, as inflammatory mediators can also be measured in the supernatants. However, none of the measurable biomarkers in induced sputum is considered applicable in clinical practice. Despite the predominating sputum neutrophilia, there is increasing evidence that the presence of sputum eosinophilia predicts an objective response to steroid treatment in patients with COPD. The commonly used Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) methodologies in COPD patients have considerable variability due to technical issues concerning both sample collection and analysis. Despite the above limitations, biomarkers mainly related to neutrophil derived products and oxidative stress, have been assessed for disease monitoring and response to pharmacological treatment. Endogenous airway acidification, as assessed by EBC pH, represents a measurable marker associated with oxidative stress and sputum neutrophilia. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is the most extensively studied exhaled biomarker and increased levels of FeNO have been widely documented in patients with asthma. FeNO measurement in COPD is of limited value due to smoking effect. However, increased values of FeNO have been found in COPD patients with sputum eosinophila. Moreover, measuring FeNO in different exhalation rates may reestablish its value in COPD. Despite the limited use of non-invasive methods, the future direction is a challenge towards new biomarkers or a combination of them that will assist us to move from the research laboratory to daily clinical practice.
Keywords: COPD, exhaled breath condensate, sputum induction, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled breath, biomarkers
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Biomarkers Obtained by Non-Invasive Methods in Patients with COPD: Where do we Stand, what do we Expect?
Volume: 16 Issue: 22
Author(s): Georgios Hillas, Stelios Loukides, Konstantinos Kostikas and Petros Bakakos
Affiliation:
Keywords: COPD, exhaled breath condensate, sputum induction, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled breath, biomarkers
Abstract: Recently, there has been widespread interest in the use of non-invasive methods for the assessment of airway inflammation in a variety of lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sputum induction is a semi-invasive technique the value of which is not restricted to sputum cell counts, as inflammatory mediators can also be measured in the supernatants. However, none of the measurable biomarkers in induced sputum is considered applicable in clinical practice. Despite the predominating sputum neutrophilia, there is increasing evidence that the presence of sputum eosinophilia predicts an objective response to steroid treatment in patients with COPD. The commonly used Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) methodologies in COPD patients have considerable variability due to technical issues concerning both sample collection and analysis. Despite the above limitations, biomarkers mainly related to neutrophil derived products and oxidative stress, have been assessed for disease monitoring and response to pharmacological treatment. Endogenous airway acidification, as assessed by EBC pH, represents a measurable marker associated with oxidative stress and sputum neutrophilia. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is the most extensively studied exhaled biomarker and increased levels of FeNO have been widely documented in patients with asthma. FeNO measurement in COPD is of limited value due to smoking effect. However, increased values of FeNO have been found in COPD patients with sputum eosinophila. Moreover, measuring FeNO in different exhalation rates may reestablish its value in COPD. Despite the limited use of non-invasive methods, the future direction is a challenge towards new biomarkers or a combination of them that will assist us to move from the research laboratory to daily clinical practice.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hillas Georgios, Loukides Stelios, Kostikas Konstantinos and Bakakos Petros, Biomarkers Obtained by Non-Invasive Methods in Patients with COPD: Where do we Stand, what do we Expect?, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788803178
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788803178 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Sleeping Beauty Transposon Vector System for Treatment of Rare Genetic Diseases: An Unrealized Hope?
Current Gene Therapy Meet Our Co-Editor
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Propranolol Safety Profile in Children
Current Drug Safety siRNA as a Potential Therapy for COVID-19
Current Drug Delivery siRNA Therapy, Challenges and Underlying Perspectives of Dendrimer as Delivery Vector
Current Pharmaceutical Design Can We Delay the Accelerated Lung Aging in COPD? Anti-Aging Molecules and Interventions
Current Drug Targets Anti-Inflammatory Iridoids of Botanical Origin
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Blockers as New Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Privileged Structures: Applications in Drug Discovery
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Biomarker Metabolite Signatures Pave the Way for Electronic-nose Applications in Early Clinical Disease Diagnoses
Current Metabolomics Editorial: The Diagnosis and Management of Asthma: Are We Moving in the Right Direction?
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Advances in Whole Genome Sequencing Technology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Systemic Vasculitis: An Epidemiological Perspective
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Exploring Modifications in Fetal Telomere Programming in Mothers Exposed to Multiple Risk Factors
Current Women`s Health Reviews Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Lung Cancer: An Updated Perspective
Current Drug Metabolism Complications Following Stem Cell Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Natural Compounds Therapeutic Features in Brain Disorders by Experimental, Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics Methods
Current Medicinal Chemistry Gastrin-Releasing Peptide as a Molecular Target for Inflammatory Diseases: An Update
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Subject Index To Volume 8
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Miniaturized Glucocorticoid Receptor Translocation Assay Using Enzymatic Fragment Complementation Evaluated with qHTS
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening