Abstract
The role of altered mitochondria function has recently emerged as an important mechanism for the development of diabetic complications. Altered mitochondria function has also been implicated in the ageing process, defective insulin secretion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis. Normally, the mitochondria are associated with ATP production using primarily pyruvate as the substrate, but recent reports indicate that tissue specific preferences exist. Also, the mitochondria are a substantial source of superoxide production, preferentially during states of elevated intracellular glucose concentrations. The mitochondria function is regulated by several factors including nitric oxide, oxidative stress, mammalian target of rapamycin, ADP and Pi availability, which result in a complex regulation of ATP production and oxygen consumption, but also superoxide generation. These factors seem to be tissue specific, which warrants a more diverse mechanistic model applying to that specific tissue or cell type. This review presents the basic functions of the mitochondria and focuses on the complex interplay between oxidative stress, nitric oxide and uncoupling proteins in regulating mitochondria function with special focus on diabetes-induced alterations occurring on the mitochondria level.
Keywords: Diabetes, Mitochondria, Nitric Oxide, Oxygen, Uncoupling proteins, Oxidative stress
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide and Mitochondria Function
Volume: 5 Issue: 2
Author(s): Malou Friederich, Peter Hansell and Fredrik Palm
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetes, Mitochondria, Nitric Oxide, Oxygen, Uncoupling proteins, Oxidative stress
Abstract: The role of altered mitochondria function has recently emerged as an important mechanism for the development of diabetic complications. Altered mitochondria function has also been implicated in the ageing process, defective insulin secretion, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis. Normally, the mitochondria are associated with ATP production using primarily pyruvate as the substrate, but recent reports indicate that tissue specific preferences exist. Also, the mitochondria are a substantial source of superoxide production, preferentially during states of elevated intracellular glucose concentrations. The mitochondria function is regulated by several factors including nitric oxide, oxidative stress, mammalian target of rapamycin, ADP and Pi availability, which result in a complex regulation of ATP production and oxygen consumption, but also superoxide generation. These factors seem to be tissue specific, which warrants a more diverse mechanistic model applying to that specific tissue or cell type. This review presents the basic functions of the mitochondria and focuses on the complex interplay between oxidative stress, nitric oxide and uncoupling proteins in regulating mitochondria function with special focus on diabetes-induced alterations occurring on the mitochondria level.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Friederich Malou, Hansell Peter and Palm Fredrik, Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide and Mitochondria Function, Current Diabetes Reviews 2009; 5 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909788166800
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339909788166800 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Role of Adiponectin in the Metabolic Syndrome: Current Perspectives on its Modulation as a Treatment Strategy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Intranasal Fluorescent Nanocrystals for Longitudinal <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of Cerebral Microlesions
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology The Role of Mitochondria in Piperine Mediated Cardioprotection in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Redox Signaling Pathways Involved in Neuronal Ischemic Preconditioning
Current Neuropharmacology Mesenchymal Stem Cells Targeting of Systemic Disorders in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) The Role of Redox Dysregulation in the Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Ischaemia-reperfusion Injury - Adding Fuel to the Fire
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoid System as a Potential Target for Drug Development in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology OPA1 in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
Current Drug Targets Computational Biological Analysis Reveals a Role for Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adiponectin in the Pathobiology of Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science High Yield Immobilization and Stabilization of Oxidoreductases Using Magnetic Nanosupports and Their Potential Applications: An Update
Current Catalysis Recent Insights into the Role of Prostanoids in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cerebral Arachidonate Cascade in Dementia: Alzheimers Disease and Vascular Dementia
Current Neuropharmacology Stimulated CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Inducing Ischemic Tolerance and Protecting Neuron from Cerebral Ischemia
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A Simple and Rapid Method for Expression and Purification of Functional TNF-α Using GST Fusion System
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Mitochondrial Voltage-dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) as a Therapeutic Target for Initiating Cell Death
Current Medicinal Chemistry Mending a Broken Heart: Bioengineered Patches and Scaffolds for Cardiac Repair
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Contribution of Catecholamine Reactive Intermediates and Oxidative Stress to the Pathologic Features of Heart Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Applications for Invasive and Non-invasive Tools in the Era of Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Revascularisation
Current Cardiology Reviews Mild Mitochondrial Uncoupling as a Therapeutic Strategy
Current Drug Targets Editorial (Sulodexide, An Old Drug with Recent Renewed Interest)
Current Vascular Pharmacology