Abstract
Anal carcinoma accounts for less than 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. The incidence of anal cancer is increasing and may be associated with an increase in anal receptive intercourse or higher number of sexual partners. Such behaviors have also increased the risk of infection with both HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV appears to induce dysplasia in the anal mucosa, which is readily detectable and treatable. The strong association of HPV has even spurred research into primary prevention in high-risk patients. Models suggest that screening in the highest risk patients would not only confer a survival benefit but also be cost effective. While the overall prognosis is only a 55% survival at 5 years, survival for localized disease remains near 80%. Traditional staging by cross-sectional imaging may be giving way to endorectal ultrasound and sentinel node biopsy. The standard of care for anal canal carcinoma is now combined modality therapy (CMT) with chemoradiation therapy obtaining excellent oncologic results as well as organ preservation. Advances in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy have significantly decreased toxicity. Surgery improves survival in patients with persistent or residual disease Within the next decade, anal cancer may emerge as a preventable form of cancer.
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Title: Anal Carcinoma
Volume: 5 Issue: 2
Author(s): Wayne A.I. Frederick, Neil Bhayani, Debra Ford, Gary Yang and Charles R. Thomas Jr.
Affiliation:
Abstract: Anal carcinoma accounts for less than 2% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. The incidence of anal cancer is increasing and may be associated with an increase in anal receptive intercourse or higher number of sexual partners. Such behaviors have also increased the risk of infection with both HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV appears to induce dysplasia in the anal mucosa, which is readily detectable and treatable. The strong association of HPV has even spurred research into primary prevention in high-risk patients. Models suggest that screening in the highest risk patients would not only confer a survival benefit but also be cost effective. While the overall prognosis is only a 55% survival at 5 years, survival for localized disease remains near 80%. Traditional staging by cross-sectional imaging may be giving way to endorectal ultrasound and sentinel node biopsy. The standard of care for anal canal carcinoma is now combined modality therapy (CMT) with chemoradiation therapy obtaining excellent oncologic results as well as organ preservation. Advances in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy have significantly decreased toxicity. Surgery improves survival in patients with persistent or residual disease Within the next decade, anal cancer may emerge as a preventable form of cancer.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Frederick A.I. Wayne, Bhayani Neil, Ford Debra, Yang Gary and Thomas Jr. R. Charles, Anal Carcinoma, Current Cancer Therapy Reviews 2009; 5 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339409788166751
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339409788166751 |
Print ISSN 1573-3947 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6301 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Current progress in Protein Degradation and Cancer Therapy
argeted Protein Degradation is gaining momentum in cancer therapy, it facilitate targeting undruggable proteins, it overcome cancer resistance and avoid undesirable side effects. Thus small molecules degraders have emerged as novel therapeutic strategy. Targeted protein degradation (TPD), the process of eliminating a protein of interest hold a great promise for ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Nucleic Acid-Based Aptamers: Applications, Development and Clinical Trials
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New [1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone]oxime Ethers
Medicinal Chemistry Biodegradable Composite Scaffolds: A Strategy to Modulate Stem Cell Behaviour
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Novel Hexahydropyridoindole Derivative as Prospective Agent Against Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic βCells
Medicinal Chemistry Study of the Interaction Between Graphene Oxide and Surface-confined Biomolecules to Develop New Kind of Biosensors
Current Nanoscience Nitrogen Biobank for Cardiovascular Research
Current Cardiology Reviews Traditional Chinese Medicine - Sea Urchin
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry LC/MS/MS Profiling of Tissue Oxysterols and its Application in Dextran Sodium Sulphate Induced Mouse Colitis Models
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Investigating the Impact of Cognitive-behavioral Stress Management on Adjustment among Females with Breast Cancer
Current Women`s Health Reviews A Novel Platinum-based Compound with Preferential Cytotoxic Activity against a Panel of Cancer Cell Lines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry MARK1 is a Novel Target for miR-125a-5p: Implications for Cell Migration in Cervical Tumor Cells
MicroRNA Clinical Therapy of Patients Contaminated with Polonium or Plutonium
Current Medicinal Chemistry Bioavailability of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids
Current Nutrition & Food Science CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 Polymorphisms in Two Bantu-Speaking Populations from Cameroon and South Africa: Implications for Global Pharmacogenetics
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine High Performance Sensors Using Graphene Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
Current Organic Chemistry In vivo Distribution of Tiotropium in a Rodent Model Utilizing AP-SMALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Current Analytical Chemistry New Therapeutic Strategies for Coeliac Disease: Tissue Transglutaminase as a Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Four Major Factors Regulate Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Signaling Pathway in Cancers Induced by Infection of Human Papillomaviruses
Current Medicinal Chemistry Feature Clustering and Ensemble Learning Based Approach for Software Defect Prediction
Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications