Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a class III G-protein coupled receptor that coordinates cellular responses to changes in extracellular free Ca2+ or amino acid concentrations as well as ionic strength and pH. It regulates signalling cascades via recruiting and controlling the activities of various heterotrimeric G-proteins, including Gq/11, Gi/0, and G12/13, even Gs in some “unusual” circumstances, thereby inducing changes in the metabolism of membrane lipids, the phosphorylation state of protein kinases and their targets, the activation state of monomeric G-proteins and the levels of intracellular second messengers including cAMP, Ca2+ ions, fatty acids and other small molecules. According to its site(s) of expression and available signalling pathways, the CaR modulates cell proliferation and survival, differentiation, peptide hormone secretion, ion and water transport and various other processes. In this article we consider the complex intracellular mechanisms by which the CaR elicits its cellular functions. We also consider some of the better understood CaR-regulated cell functions and the nature of the signalling mechanisms that support them.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title: Regulation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Sarah C. Brennan and Arthur D. Conigrave
Affiliation:
Abstract: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a class III G-protein coupled receptor that coordinates cellular responses to changes in extracellular free Ca2+ or amino acid concentrations as well as ionic strength and pH. It regulates signalling cascades via recruiting and controlling the activities of various heterotrimeric G-proteins, including Gq/11, Gi/0, and G12/13, even Gs in some “unusual” circumstances, thereby inducing changes in the metabolism of membrane lipids, the phosphorylation state of protein kinases and their targets, the activation state of monomeric G-proteins and the levels of intracellular second messengers including cAMP, Ca2+ ions, fatty acids and other small molecules. According to its site(s) of expression and available signalling pathways, the CaR modulates cell proliferation and survival, differentiation, peptide hormone secretion, ion and water transport and various other processes. In this article we consider the complex intracellular mechanisms by which the CaR elicits its cellular functions. We also consider some of the better understood CaR-regulated cell functions and the nature of the signalling mechanisms that support them.
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Cite this article as:
Brennan C. Sarah and Conigrave D. Arthur, Regulation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2009; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920109787847484
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920109787847484 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
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