Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by injury and loss of lung epithelial cells, accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and abnormal remodeling of the lung parenchyma. The prognosis for IPF patients is poor and current therapies are largely ineffective in preventing respiratory failure. Current therapeutic approaches target epithelial cell replacement, manipulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, modulation of procoagulant/fibrinolytic activities, cytokine and growth factor production, angiogenesis, and reduction of oxidative stress. Myofibroblasts are the primary effector cells in fibrosis. These cells may be derived by the activation and proliferation of resident lung fibroblasts, from epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), or through recruitment of circulating fibrocytes. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a profibrotic factor that increases fibroblast proliferation, stimulates the synthesis and deposition of connective tissue, and inhibits connective tissue breakdown. TGFβ acts through the promoter of the type 1 collagen gene causing increased collagen synthesis. In addition, TGFβ induces EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in vitro and in vivo. AECs exhibit substantial plasticity and may serve as a source of fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. Therapeutic interventions interfering with the pathways that lead to myofibroblast expansion and AEC apoptosis should be of considerable benefit in the treatment of IPF. This review will focus on the critical role of TGFβ on AECs EMT and myofibroblasts in the development of fibrosis.
Keywords: Anti-fibrotic agents, lung fibrosis, fibrocytes, pathogenesis, myofibroblast, Transforming growth factor β, treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Recent Advances in Molecular Targets and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on TGFβ Signaling and the Myofibroblast
Volume: 16 Issue: 11
Author(s): M. Gharaee-Kermani, B. Hu, S. H. Phan and M. R. Gyetko
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-fibrotic agents, lung fibrosis, fibrocytes, pathogenesis, myofibroblast, Transforming growth factor β, treatment
Abstract: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by injury and loss of lung epithelial cells, accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and abnormal remodeling of the lung parenchyma. The prognosis for IPF patients is poor and current therapies are largely ineffective in preventing respiratory failure. Current therapeutic approaches target epithelial cell replacement, manipulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, modulation of procoagulant/fibrinolytic activities, cytokine and growth factor production, angiogenesis, and reduction of oxidative stress. Myofibroblasts are the primary effector cells in fibrosis. These cells may be derived by the activation and proliferation of resident lung fibroblasts, from epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), or through recruitment of circulating fibrocytes. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a profibrotic factor that increases fibroblast proliferation, stimulates the synthesis and deposition of connective tissue, and inhibits connective tissue breakdown. TGFβ acts through the promoter of the type 1 collagen gene causing increased collagen synthesis. In addition, TGFβ induces EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in vitro and in vivo. AECs exhibit substantial plasticity and may serve as a source of fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. Therapeutic interventions interfering with the pathways that lead to myofibroblast expansion and AEC apoptosis should be of considerable benefit in the treatment of IPF. This review will focus on the critical role of TGFβ on AECs EMT and myofibroblasts in the development of fibrosis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gharaee-Kermani M., Hu B., Phan H. S. and Gyetko R. M., Recent Advances in Molecular Targets and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on TGFβ Signaling and the Myofibroblast, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787846497
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787846497 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
How Immune-inflammatory Processes Link CNS and Psychiatric Disorders: Classification and Treatment Implications
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Targeted Radiotherapy of Bone Malignancies
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Are Selenoproteins Important for the Cancer Protective Effects of Selenium?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Ezetimibe and Vascular Inflammation
Current Vascular Pharmacology Control of Stemness by Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy New Developments in the Discovery of Agents to Treat Hepatitis C
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Tetramethoxyluteolin for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Bone Marrow Microenvironment: A Newly Recognized Target for Diabetes- Induced Cellular Damage
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Diagnostic Issues in Early-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and their Treatment Implications
Current Neuropharmacology Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Interleukin-21 (IL-21) Controls Inflammatory Pathways in the Gut
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Understanding the Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor During Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutics Opportunities
Current Neuropharmacology Gastric Ulcerogenic and Healing Impairment Actions of Alendronate, A Nitrogen- Containing Bisphosphonate - Prophylactic Effects of Rebamipide
Current Pharmaceutical Design Subject Index to Volume 1
Current Drug Delivery Myricetin Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells Through Akt/p70S6K/Bad Signaling and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Scaffolds Designing from Protein-loadable Coaxial Electrospun Fibermats of poly(acrylamide)-Co-poly(diacetone acrylamide) and Gelatin
Current Applied Polymer Science Andrographolide Derivative AL-1 Ameliorates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome and Lung Permeability
Current Pharmaceutical Design EBI2, GPR18, and GPR17 – Three Structurally Related but Biologically Distinct 7TM Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Development of Agents that Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions in Membranes
Current Pharmaceutical Design RNA Splicing: Basic Aspects Underlie Antitumor Targeting
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery