Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing acute diseases typified by rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fevers. Upon filoviral infection, innate immune cells become paralyzed and lose the capacity to properly co-stimulate and activate filovirus-specific, T-cell responses. Deleterious inflammation and upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules expressed by monocytic lineage cells (e.g., dendritic cells) and their co-inhibitory receptors on T- and B-cells may lead to incomplete humoral and T-cell immunity, anergy, exhaustion, apoptosis, and subsequent immune subversion. Hence, the dysregulation of inflammatory and co-inhibitory molecules may be exploited by filoviruses to further deteriorate host immune responses, ultimately leading to fulminant infections in susceptible species. Thus, in light of accumulating scientific observations, the challenge is now to characterize the molecular mechanisms that may result in rational strategies leading to new therapeutics and vaccines.
Keywords: Filovirus, inflammation, co-inhibition, dendritic cells, programmed death, anergy
Current Molecular Medicine
Title: Potential Factors Induced by Filoviruses that Lead to Immune Supression
Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Author(s): Mansour Mohamadzadeh
Affiliation:
Keywords: Filovirus, inflammation, co-inhibition, dendritic cells, programmed death, anergy
Abstract: The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing acute diseases typified by rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fevers. Upon filoviral infection, innate immune cells become paralyzed and lose the capacity to properly co-stimulate and activate filovirus-specific, T-cell responses. Deleterious inflammation and upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules expressed by monocytic lineage cells (e.g., dendritic cells) and their co-inhibitory receptors on T- and B-cells may lead to incomplete humoral and T-cell immunity, anergy, exhaustion, apoptosis, and subsequent immune subversion. Hence, the dysregulation of inflammatory and co-inhibitory molecules may be exploited by filoviruses to further deteriorate host immune responses, ultimately leading to fulminant infections in susceptible species. Thus, in light of accumulating scientific observations, the challenge is now to characterize the molecular mechanisms that may result in rational strategies leading to new therapeutics and vaccines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mohamadzadeh Mansour, Potential Factors Induced by Filoviruses that Lead to Immune Supression, Current Molecular Medicine 2009; 9 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652409787581628
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652409787581628 |
Print ISSN 1566-5240 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5666 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Ideational Fluency in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) from Momordica charantia for Anti Viral Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine Involvement of IL-1R/TLR Signalling in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis
Current Molecular Medicine The Importance of NAD in Multiple Sclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Safe Use of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to Deactivate SARS-CoV-2: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review
Coronaviruses Meningococcal Disease and Future Drug Targets
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Structural Heterogeneity and Multifunctionality of Lactoferrin
Current Protein & Peptide Science Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Butyrylcholinesterase K and Apolipoprotein ε4 Affect Cortical Thickness and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Neuro)Transmitter Systems in Circulating Immune Cells: A Target of Immunopharmacological Interventions?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Viral Envelope Membrane: A Special Entry Pathway and a Promising Drug Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry Delivery Systems for Applications in siRNA Technology
Drug Delivery Letters Subunit Protein Vaccines: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for HIV-1
Current Molecular Medicine Imaging Methods in Gene Therapy of Cancer
Current Gene Therapy Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic:Advances in Alzheimer Therapy: Understanding Pharmacological Approaches to the Disease (Guest Editors: Ana Martinez, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Ezio Giacobini and Nigel H. Greig)]
Current Alzheimer Research The Beneficial Role of Vitamin D in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Current HIV Research Identification of Novel Anti-inflammatory Agents from Ayurvedic Medicine for Prevention of Chronic Diseases: “Reverse Pharmacology” and “Bedside to Bench” Approach
Current Drug Targets