Abstract
Obesity is an increasingly serious socioeconomic and clinical problem. Between 1/4 - 1/3 of population in the developed countries can be classified as obese. Four major etiological factors for development of obesity are genetic determinants, environmental factors, food intake and exercise. Obesity increases the risk of the development of various pathologic conditions including: insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, endocrine problems, and certain forms of cancer. Thus, obesity is a negative determinant for longevity. In this review we provide broad overview of pathophysiology of obesity. We also discuss various available, and experimental therapeutic methods. We highlight functions of adipocytes including fat storing capacity and secretory activity resulting in numerous endocrine effects like leptin, IL-6, adiponectin, and resistin. The anti-obesity drugs are classified according to their primary action on energy balance. Major classes of these drugs are: appetite suppressants, inhibitors of fat absorption (i.e. orlistat), stimulators of thermogenesis and stimulators of fat mobilization. The appetite suppressants are further divided into noradrenergic agents, (i.e. phentermine, phendimetrazine, benzphetamine, diethylpropion), serotoninergic agents (i.e. dexfenfluramine), and mixed noradrenergic-serotoninergic agents (i.e. sibutramine). Thus, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the central neural control of energy balance, current treatment strategies for obesity and the most promising targets for the development of novel anti-obesity drugs.
Keywords: BMI, BVT.933, growth hormone, TNF, PRDM16
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Obesity: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management
Volume: 16 Issue: 4
Author(s): Tatiana Gurevich-Panigrahi, Soumya Panigrahi, Emilia Wiechec and Marek Los
Affiliation:
Keywords: BMI, BVT.933, growth hormone, TNF, PRDM16
Abstract: Obesity is an increasingly serious socioeconomic and clinical problem. Between 1/4 - 1/3 of population in the developed countries can be classified as obese. Four major etiological factors for development of obesity are genetic determinants, environmental factors, food intake and exercise. Obesity increases the risk of the development of various pathologic conditions including: insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, endocrine problems, and certain forms of cancer. Thus, obesity is a negative determinant for longevity. In this review we provide broad overview of pathophysiology of obesity. We also discuss various available, and experimental therapeutic methods. We highlight functions of adipocytes including fat storing capacity and secretory activity resulting in numerous endocrine effects like leptin, IL-6, adiponectin, and resistin. The anti-obesity drugs are classified according to their primary action on energy balance. Major classes of these drugs are: appetite suppressants, inhibitors of fat absorption (i.e. orlistat), stimulators of thermogenesis and stimulators of fat mobilization. The appetite suppressants are further divided into noradrenergic agents, (i.e. phentermine, phendimetrazine, benzphetamine, diethylpropion), serotoninergic agents (i.e. dexfenfluramine), and mixed noradrenergic-serotoninergic agents (i.e. sibutramine). Thus, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the central neural control of energy balance, current treatment strategies for obesity and the most promising targets for the development of novel anti-obesity drugs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gurevich-Panigrahi Tatiana, Panigrahi Soumya, Wiechec Emilia and Los Marek, Obesity: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787315568
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709787315568 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Further Vitamin D Analogs
Current Vascular Pharmacology 2-Mercapto Benzothiazole Derivatives: As Potential Leads for the Diabetic Management
Medicinal Chemistry Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix in Elderly: Diagnostic Dilemma
New Emirates Medical Journal Involvement of Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis of Prion Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Biomarkers Determining Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Kidney Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Association of Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Amylin Replacement With Pramlintide as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Physiological Approach Toward Improved Metabolic Control
Current Pharmaceutical Design Calcium Intake Requirements Along the Life Cycle and Associated Factors
Current Nutrition & Food Science Oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease: New hopes in treatment with herbal antioxidants
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cognitive Impairment and Diabetes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery The Role of QSAR and Virtual Screening Studies in Type 2 Diabetes Drug Discovery
Medicinal Chemistry Donepezil May Reduce Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Levels in Alzheimer’s disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Role of microRNAs in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum: Roles in Diagnosis and Prognosis in Diabetes and Cancer
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Statins Influence Long Term Restenosis and Cardiovascular Events Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Endocarditis Due to Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Arizonae in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Modulators and Cardiac Arrhythmias: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery NF-κB in Type 1 Diabetes
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Emerging Drug Candidates of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitor Class for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Current Drug Targets