Abstract
Ligands selectively targeting β -amyloid in the living brain are promising candidates of therapeutics and early diagnosis tools for Alzheimers disease. Among the major stages of β -amyloid aggregation, monomers and oligomers are excellent targets to reduce neurotoxic brain damages for prevention of the disease progression, while oligomers and fibrils, abundant in the late stage of the disease, are pathological objectives to develop reliable imaging probes. So far, there have been many efforts to develop a wide variety of monovalent β -amyloid ligands such as thioflavin T, PIB, FDDNP, curcumin, and tramiprosate. However, pathology of Alzheimers disease is not fully understood yet so that there is currently no cure and further investigations on Alzheimers disease are needed. For past several years, multivalent β -amyloid ligands have offered an alternative route by enhancing binding affinity of drug candidates. In addition, it has been revealed that not only neurotoxicity due to the protein misfolding but also other factors are involved in the β -amyloid cascade such as oxidative stress, inflammation, metal chelation, and several types of neurotransmitters. Thus, there have been numerous studies to improve binding affinities of single β -amyloid ligands via adopting multivalent effects or to develop drug candidates targeting multiple stages of the pathological cascade. In this review, multivalent and multifunctional β - amyloid ligands and their promising aspects as an alternative approach to Alzheimers disease are discussed.
Keywords: β Amyloid, Aβ, multivalent, multifunction, ligand, Alzheimer's disease, AD drug, imaging probe, early diagnosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Multivalent & Multifunctional Ligands to β-Amyloid
Volume: 15 Issue: 6
Author(s): YoungSoo Kim, Ji Hoon Lee, Jiyeon Ryu and Dong Jin Kim
Affiliation:
Keywords: β Amyloid, Aβ, multivalent, multifunction, ligand, Alzheimer's disease, AD drug, imaging probe, early diagnosis
Abstract: Ligands selectively targeting β -amyloid in the living brain are promising candidates of therapeutics and early diagnosis tools for Alzheimers disease. Among the major stages of β -amyloid aggregation, monomers and oligomers are excellent targets to reduce neurotoxic brain damages for prevention of the disease progression, while oligomers and fibrils, abundant in the late stage of the disease, are pathological objectives to develop reliable imaging probes. So far, there have been many efforts to develop a wide variety of monovalent β -amyloid ligands such as thioflavin T, PIB, FDDNP, curcumin, and tramiprosate. However, pathology of Alzheimers disease is not fully understood yet so that there is currently no cure and further investigations on Alzheimers disease are needed. For past several years, multivalent β -amyloid ligands have offered an alternative route by enhancing binding affinity of drug candidates. In addition, it has been revealed that not only neurotoxicity due to the protein misfolding but also other factors are involved in the β -amyloid cascade such as oxidative stress, inflammation, metal chelation, and several types of neurotransmitters. Thus, there have been numerous studies to improve binding affinities of single β -amyloid ligands via adopting multivalent effects or to develop drug candidates targeting multiple stages of the pathological cascade. In this review, multivalent and multifunctional β - amyloid ligands and their promising aspects as an alternative approach to Alzheimers disease are discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Kim YoungSoo, Lee Hoon Ji, Ryu Jiyeon and Kim Jin Dong, Multivalent & Multifunctional Ligands to β-Amyloid, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787315648
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209787315648 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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