Abstract
Global rates of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continue to increase. Moreover, resistance of the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the two most effective anti-TB medications continue to rise. Now, multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) has progressed to extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) - a M. tuberculosis organism that is resistant to the most effective second line drugs available for the treatment of TB. This review provides detailed, significant evidence that supports the use of an old neuroleptic compound, thioridazine (TZ), for the management of MDR-TB and XDR-TB infections and which has been shown to inhibit efflux pumps of bacteria. The argument has been previously presented but no one seems to be listening - and the disease continues unabated when there is a very good probability that the suggested drug will prove to be effective. When the prognosis is poor, available therapy predictably ineffective and death is inevitable, compassionate therapy with TZ should be contemplated. The risks are small and the rewards great.
Keywords: Therapy of MDR-TB, XDR-TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thioridazine, efflux pumps
Current Drug Targets
Title: Promising Therapy of XDR-TB/MDR-TB with Thioridazine an Inhibitor of Bacterial Efflux Pumps
Volume: 9 Issue: 9
Author(s): L. Amaral, M. Martins, M. Viveiros, J. Molnar and J. E. Kristiansen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Therapy of MDR-TB, XDR-TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thioridazine, efflux pumps
Abstract: Global rates of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continue to increase. Moreover, resistance of the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the two most effective anti-TB medications continue to rise. Now, multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) has progressed to extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) - a M. tuberculosis organism that is resistant to the most effective second line drugs available for the treatment of TB. This review provides detailed, significant evidence that supports the use of an old neuroleptic compound, thioridazine (TZ), for the management of MDR-TB and XDR-TB infections and which has been shown to inhibit efflux pumps of bacteria. The argument has been previously presented but no one seems to be listening - and the disease continues unabated when there is a very good probability that the suggested drug will prove to be effective. When the prognosis is poor, available therapy predictably ineffective and death is inevitable, compassionate therapy with TZ should be contemplated. The risks are small and the rewards great.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Amaral L., Martins M., Viveiros M., Molnar J. and Kristiansen E. J., Promising Therapy of XDR-TB/MDR-TB with Thioridazine an Inhibitor of Bacterial Efflux Pumps, Current Drug Targets 2008; 9 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945008785747798
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945008785747798 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Antimicrobial, Antitumor and Side Effects Assessment of a Newly Synthesized Tamoxifen Analog
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Medical and Societal Impact
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Balancing Act between Colonisers and Inflammation: T regulatory and TH17 Cells in Mucosal Immunity during Otitis Media
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Editorial [Hot topic: Structure-Based Virtual Screening (Guest Editor: Walter Filgueira De Azevedo Jr.)]
Current Drug Targets Radiopharmaceutical: Revolutionary Agents for Diagnosis
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Current Developments in the Synthesis and Biological Activity of Aza-C-Nucleosides:Immucillins and Related Compounds
Current Medicinal Chemistry Fatty Acids - Induced Lipotoxicity and Inflammation
Current Drug Metabolism SAR and Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Quinolones and Triazoloquinolones: An Update
Anti-Infective Agents Infectious Complications with Anti-TNFα Therapy in Rheumatic Diseases: A Review
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Psychiatry
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Fighting Diabetes: Lessons from Xenotransplantation and Nanomedicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lactosylceramide is a Pattern Recognition Receptor that Forms Lyn-Coupled Membrane Microdomains on Neutrophils
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Stairway to Heaven or Hell? Perspectives and Limitations of Chagas Disease Chemotherapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Crucial Enzymes in the Hydroxylated Triacylglycerol-ricinoleate Biosynthesis Pathway of Castor Bean
Current Protein & Peptide Science Biological Activities and In Silico Physico-Chemical Properties of 1,2,3- Triazoles Derived from Natural Bioactive Alcohols
Anti-Infective Agents Meet Our Associate Editor
Current Drug Metabolism Targeting Cyclooxygenase and Nitric Oxide Pathway Cross-Talk: A New Signal Transduction Pathway for Developing More Effective Anti- Inflammatory Drugs
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Nonprofit Pharma: Solutions to What Ails the Industry
Current Medicinal Chemistry Current Treatment and Drug Discovery Against Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp.: A Review
Current Drug Targets In Vivo Bacterial Imaging without Engineering; A Novel Probe-Based Strategy Facilitated by Endogenous Nitroreductase Enzymes
Current Gene Therapy