Abstract
The prevalence of type 1 diabetes continues to increase worldwide at a rate higher than previously projected, while the number of patients achieving American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycated hemoglobin (A1c) goals remains suboptimal. There are numerous barriers to patients achieving A1c targets including increased frequency of severe hypoglycemia associated with lowering plasma glucose as measured by lower A1c values. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was first approved for retrospective analysis and now has advanced to the next step in diabetes management with the approval of real-time glucose sensing. Real-time CGM, in short term studies, has been shown to decrease A1c values, improve glucose variability (GV), and minimize the time and number of hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes. These products are approved for adjunctive use to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), but future long-term studies are needed to document their safety, efficacy, ability to replace SMBG as a tool of monitoring, and ultimately utility into closed-loop insulin delivery systems. New algorithms will need to be developed that account for rapid changes in the glucose values, so that accuracy of the sensor data can be maintained. In addition, for better clinical care and usage, algorithms also need to be developed for both patients and the providers to guide them for their ongoing diabetes care.
Keywords: HbA1c, Continuous glucose monitoring, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Glucose variability
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Volume: 4 Issue: 3
Author(s): Samuel L. Ellis, Ramachandra G. Naik, Kate Gemperline and Satish K. Garg
Affiliation:
Keywords: HbA1c, Continuous glucose monitoring, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Glucose variability
Abstract: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes continues to increase worldwide at a rate higher than previously projected, while the number of patients achieving American Diabetes Association (ADA) glycated hemoglobin (A1c) goals remains suboptimal. There are numerous barriers to patients achieving A1c targets including increased frequency of severe hypoglycemia associated with lowering plasma glucose as measured by lower A1c values. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was first approved for retrospective analysis and now has advanced to the next step in diabetes management with the approval of real-time glucose sensing. Real-time CGM, in short term studies, has been shown to decrease A1c values, improve glucose variability (GV), and minimize the time and number of hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes. These products are approved for adjunctive use to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), but future long-term studies are needed to document their safety, efficacy, ability to replace SMBG as a tool of monitoring, and ultimately utility into closed-loop insulin delivery systems. New algorithms will need to be developed that account for rapid changes in the glucose values, so that accuracy of the sensor data can be maintained. In addition, for better clinical care and usage, algorithms also need to be developed for both patients and the providers to guide them for their ongoing diabetes care.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ellis L. Samuel, Naik G. Ramachandra, Gemperline Kate and Garg K. Satish, Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes, Current Diabetes Reviews 2008; 4 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908785294370
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908785294370 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials of Anthocyanins in Diabetes and Associated Complications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial: The microRNA 221/222 Cluster: Inaugurating a New Era in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Decreased Vascular Repair and Neovascularization with Ageing: Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance with an Emphasis on Hypoxia- Inducible Factor-1
Current Molecular Medicine Aflibercept (VEGF-TRAP): The Next Anti-VEGF Drug
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Surgery for Severe Obesity: Indications, Techniques, Mechanisms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Resolution
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Exploring Old Drugs for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rheumatological Manifestations in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Endothelial Microparticles: Mediators or Markers of Endothelial Cell Dysfunction?
Current Hypertension Reviews Mechanisms of the Penetration of Blood-Borne Substances into the Brain
Current Neuropharmacology Heme Oxygenase-Derived Carbon Monoxide Restores Vascular Function in Type 1 Diabetes
Drug Metabolism Letters Efficacy and Safety of Evacetrapib for Modifying Plasma Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design High-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Anti-Atherosclerotic and Endothelial-Protective Effects: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Polymorphisms in Factor V (FV Leiden), Prothrombin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 (PAI-1), Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) and Cystathionine β-Synthase (CBS) Genes as Risk Factors for Thrombophilias
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Probiotics: Mechanism of Action: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Polyphenols-Rich Natural Products for Treatment of Diabetes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Monoclonal Antibodies in Rare Acquired Thrombotic Disorders: The Paradigms of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Current Vascular Pharmacology Whole Milk and Full-Fat Dairy Products and Hypertensive Risks
Current Hypertension Reviews Beta-arrestin Biased Agonism/Antagonism at Cardiovascular Seven Transmembrane-spanning Receptors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulatory Approaches to Nonclinical Reproductive Toxicity Testing of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Nitrogen Biobank for Cardiovascular Research
Current Cardiology Reviews