Abstract
Visfatin is a newly discovered adipocyte hormone with a direct relationship between plasma visfatin level and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visfatin binds to the insulin receptor at a site distinct from that of insulin and causes hypoglycaemia by reducing glucose release from liver cells and stimulating glucose utilization in adipocytes and myocytes. Visfatin is upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation and hyperglycaemia and downregulated by insulin, somatostatin and statins. This hormone is found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus of cells and has been identified in many tissues and organs including the brain, kidney, lung, spleen and testis but preferentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue and upregulated in some animal models of obesity. Visceral adipose tissue is regarded to be more pernicious than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Visfatin is an endocrine, autocrine as well as paracrine peptide with many functions including enhancement of cell proliferation, biosynthesis of nicotinamide mono- and dinucleotide and hypoglycaemic effect. Visfatin, also known as a pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor, consists of 491 amino acids (aa) in human, chimpanzee, cattle, pig, rat and mouse, 490 aa in rhesus monkey, 285 aa in sheep, 587 in opposum and 588 aa in canines. Visfatin gene is well preserved during evolution. For example, the canine visfatin protein sequence is 96% and 94% identical to human and rodent visfatin, respectively. Since evidence of a direct link between visfatin genotype and human type 2 diabetes mellitus is still weak, more molecular, physiological and clinical studies are needed to determine the role of visfatin in the etiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Visfatin, pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAmPRTase), adipocytokines, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Visfatin: Structure, Function and Relation to Diabetes Mellitus and Other Dysfunctions
Volume: 15 Issue: 18
Author(s): Ernest Adeghate
Affiliation:
Keywords: Visfatin, pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAmPRTase), adipocytokines, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism
Abstract: Visfatin is a newly discovered adipocyte hormone with a direct relationship between plasma visfatin level and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visfatin binds to the insulin receptor at a site distinct from that of insulin and causes hypoglycaemia by reducing glucose release from liver cells and stimulating glucose utilization in adipocytes and myocytes. Visfatin is upregulated by hypoxia, inflammation and hyperglycaemia and downregulated by insulin, somatostatin and statins. This hormone is found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus of cells and has been identified in many tissues and organs including the brain, kidney, lung, spleen and testis but preferentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue and upregulated in some animal models of obesity. Visceral adipose tissue is regarded to be more pernicious than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Visfatin is an endocrine, autocrine as well as paracrine peptide with many functions including enhancement of cell proliferation, biosynthesis of nicotinamide mono- and dinucleotide and hypoglycaemic effect. Visfatin, also known as a pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor, consists of 491 amino acids (aa) in human, chimpanzee, cattle, pig, rat and mouse, 490 aa in rhesus monkey, 285 aa in sheep, 587 in opposum and 588 aa in canines. Visfatin gene is well preserved during evolution. For example, the canine visfatin protein sequence is 96% and 94% identical to human and rodent visfatin, respectively. Since evidence of a direct link between visfatin genotype and human type 2 diabetes mellitus is still weak, more molecular, physiological and clinical studies are needed to determine the role of visfatin in the etiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Adeghate Ernest, Visfatin: Structure, Function and Relation to Diabetes Mellitus and Other Dysfunctions, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 15 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708785133004
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986708785133004 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Differential Influences of Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on Plasma Nesfatin-1 and Obestatin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nutrition and Physical Activity on Hypertension: Implication of Current Evidence and Guidelines
Current Hypertension Reviews Molecules of Parasites as Immunomodulatory Drugs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Enzymes as Target Antigens of Liver-Specific Autoimmunity: The Case of Cytochromes P450s
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potential Role of TRAIL in the Management of Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Retinoids: Impact on Adiposity, Lipids and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Immune Responses to Fungal Infections and Therapeutic Implications
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Bone Disease in Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Correlation between Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D level and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in type 2 diabetic patients
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Diabetic Vasculopathy and the Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1)
Current Diabetes Reviews Screening of Enzyme Inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Polyphenols: A Nutraceutical Approach Against Diseases
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Degludec: A Novel Basal Insulin
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Circulating Biomarkers Determining Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Progression
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drug-Associated Mitochondrial Toxicity and its Detection
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effect of Antihypertensive Agents on Insulin Sensitivity, Lipids and Haemostasis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Immunophilins are Involved in the Altered Platelet Aggregation Observed in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Thalidomide as an Immunotherapeutic Agent: The Effects on Neutrophil- Mediated Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heart Failure in North America
Current Cardiology Reviews