Abstract
Utilization of fat as a long-term energy storage vehicle is crucial for the maintenance of cellular metabolism and is under intricate and many times redundant control mechanisms. Aberrations in the control of energy metabolism is apparent in diseases such as diabetes and obesity and is evident early on in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance has been observed at the level of muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes and is characterized by decreased glucose disposal and increased glucose production, driven by enhanced and uncontrolled fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Mechanisms aimed at limiting the availability of substrates or the activity of processes involved in FAO should provide an immediate reduction in undesired glucose production in these individuals. Numerous targets are available which influence directly the metabolism of fat, including limiting availability of substrate to FAO, inhibiting oxidation of the fatty acid per se, and uncoupling the energy obtained during the oxidation of the fatty acid. These include antilipolytic agents which limit the availability of substrate, FAO inhibitors which limit fatty acid transport (carnitine palmitoyl transferase, CoA sequestration), FAO per se (β oxidation), and agents which uncouple the energy of FAO (uncoupling proteins, β3 agonists). These other targets which affect fatty acid metabolism indirectly will be discussed in this review with 184 references.
Keywords: fatty acid axidation, fao, beta oxidation
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Impact of Fatty Acid Oxidation on Energy Utilization: Targets and Therapy
Volume: 8 Issue: 14
Author(s): Gregory R. Bebernitz and Herbert F. Schuster
Affiliation:
Keywords: fatty acid axidation, fao, beta oxidation
Abstract: Utilization of fat as a long-term energy storage vehicle is crucial for the maintenance of cellular metabolism and is under intricate and many times redundant control mechanisms. Aberrations in the control of energy metabolism is apparent in diseases such as diabetes and obesity and is evident early on in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance has been observed at the level of muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes and is characterized by decreased glucose disposal and increased glucose production, driven by enhanced and uncontrolled fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Mechanisms aimed at limiting the availability of substrates or the activity of processes involved in FAO should provide an immediate reduction in undesired glucose production in these individuals. Numerous targets are available which influence directly the metabolism of fat, including limiting availability of substrate to FAO, inhibiting oxidation of the fatty acid per se, and uncoupling the energy obtained during the oxidation of the fatty acid. These include antilipolytic agents which limit the availability of substrate, FAO inhibitors which limit fatty acid transport (carnitine palmitoyl transferase, CoA sequestration), FAO per se (β oxidation), and agents which uncouple the energy of FAO (uncoupling proteins, β3 agonists). These other targets which affect fatty acid metabolism indirectly will be discussed in this review with 184 references.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bebernitz R. Gregory and Schuster F. Herbert, The Impact of Fatty Acid Oxidation on Energy Utilization: Targets and Therapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2002; 8 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023394692
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612023394692 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
New Insights into the Biology of 1-Antitrypsin and its Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Retinal Pigment Epithelium Regeneration by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Therapeutic and Modelling Approaches on Retinal Degenerative Diseases
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Natural Macromolecules in the Development of Safe and Effective Gastroretentive Floating Microparticles of Metformin Hydrochloride
The Natural Products Journal Impact of Bread Made from Mix Cereals and Pulses on the Glycemic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Current Nutrition & Food Science Testosterone Replacement Therapy Has Limited Effect on Increasing Bone Mass Density in Older Men: a Meta-analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exercise in a Pill: Feasibility of Energy Expenditure Targets
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders A Brief History of Modern Endocrinology and Definitions of a True Hormone
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Assessed by an Animal Model and a Randomized Clinical Study on Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Triamcinolone Acetonide and Bevacizumab Induced Raised Intraocular Pressure in An Elderly Male Diabetic Patient - A Case Report
Current Drug Safety Potential Application of Non-flavonoid Phenolics in Diabetes: Antiinflammatory Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Diabetic CVD – Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as A Target
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2-Mercapto Benzothiazole Derivatives: As Potential Leads for the Diabetic Management
Medicinal Chemistry Inborn Errors of Metabolism Screening in Neonates: Current Perspective with Diagnosis and Therapy
Current Pediatric Reviews Therapeutic Reflections in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Gallstone Disease: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone Conjugates
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Promotional Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing on Bone Tissue Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Sulfonyl Group-Containing Compounds in the Design of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging: Recent Insights for a Therapeutical Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Probiotics: A Natural Approach to an Inflammatory Disease
Current Women`s Health Reviews Indolo[3,2-b]quinolines: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure Activity-Relationships
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry