Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex process, where several cell types and mediators interact to establish a specific microenvironment suitable for the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. Such biological processes occur in several physiological conditions, such as embryo development and wound healing, as well as in pathological conditions, including tumours and diabetic retinopathy. T lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes fully participate in the angiogenic process by secreting cytokines that may control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, their survival and apoptosis, as well as their migration and activation. Angiogenesis is the result of a net balance between the activities exerted by positive and negative regulators. This balance is conceptually very similar to that of the Th1 / Th2 cells that modulate an appropriate and specific immune response. Th1 or Th2 cytokines may control angiogenesis directly, by acting on cell growth and differentiation, indirectly by inducing the release of other cytokines in the microenvironment, and by modulating the expression of specific receptors, involved in the control of angiogenic processes, such as EC proliferation and migration. In this review we will mainly discuss the role of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in the angiogenic process, emphasizing the complexity of the cytokine and leukocyte / EC network, and highlighting the care that needs to be taken when designing new therapeutic interventions involving Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
Keywords: angiogenesis, inflammation, immune response, cytokine, tumour, t lymphocyte
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Regulation of Angiogenesis by Th1- and Th2-Type Cytokines
Volume: 9 Issue: 7
Author(s): A. Naldini, A. Pucci, C. Bernini and F. Carraro
Affiliation:
Keywords: angiogenesis, inflammation, immune response, cytokine, tumour, t lymphocyte
Abstract: Angiogenesis is a complex process, where several cell types and mediators interact to establish a specific microenvironment suitable for the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels. Such biological processes occur in several physiological conditions, such as embryo development and wound healing, as well as in pathological conditions, including tumours and diabetic retinopathy. T lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes fully participate in the angiogenic process by secreting cytokines that may control endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, their survival and apoptosis, as well as their migration and activation. Angiogenesis is the result of a net balance between the activities exerted by positive and negative regulators. This balance is conceptually very similar to that of the Th1 / Th2 cells that modulate an appropriate and specific immune response. Th1 or Th2 cytokines may control angiogenesis directly, by acting on cell growth and differentiation, indirectly by inducing the release of other cytokines in the microenvironment, and by modulating the expression of specific receptors, involved in the control of angiogenic processes, such as EC proliferation and migration. In this review we will mainly discuss the role of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in the angiogenic process, emphasizing the complexity of the cytokine and leukocyte / EC network, and highlighting the care that needs to be taken when designing new therapeutic interventions involving Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Naldini A., Pucci A., Bernini C. and Carraro F., Regulation of Angiogenesis by Th1- and Th2-Type Cytokines, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2003; 9 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033391423
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033391423 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Homeostasis and the Importance for a Balance Between AKT/mTOR Activity and Intracellular Signaling
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Use of Infliximab in Dermatology
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cancer Stem Cells in Solid and Liquid Tissues of Breast Cancer Patients: Characterization and Therapeutic Perspectives
Current Cancer Drug Targets CRISPR-Cas9, A Promising Therapeutic Tool for Cancer Therapy: A Review
Protein & Peptide Letters Plants vs. Cancer: A Review on Natural Phytochemicals in Preventing and Treating Cancers and Their Druggability
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Paclitaxel Formulations: Challenges and Novel Delivery Options
Current Drug Delivery From the Design to the Clinical Application of Thromboxane Modulators
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Subtype Specific and Universal Somatostatin Analogues: Clinical Potential and Pitfalls
Current Pharmaceutical Design IT-143, A Polymer Micelle Nanoparticle, Widens Therapeutic Window of Daunorubicin
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Designing Novel Therapies Against Sarcomas in the Era of Personalized Medicine and Economic Crisis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of mTOR Signaling in Tumor Cell Motility, Invasion and Metastasis
Current Protein & Peptide Science HIV Infection Induces Morphometrical Changes on the Oral (Buccal Mucosa and Tongue) Epithelial Cells
Current HIV Research Huntingtons Disease: New Frontiers for Molecular and Cell Therapy
Current Drug Targets Lessons from Nature: Sources and Strategies for Developing AMPK Activators for Cancer Chemotherapeutics
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Carvacrol Exhibits Chemopreventive Potential against Cervical Cancer Cells via Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and Abrogation of Cell Cycle Progression
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Noncovalent Binding to DNA: Still a Target in Developing Anticancer Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ex Vivo Models of HIV Sexual Transmission and Microbicide Development
Current HIV Research Plasticity of T Cell Differentiation and Cytokine Signature: A Double-Edged Sword for Immune Responses
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Quantitative Structure-Wavelength Relationship Modeling of Porphin -Derivative Photosensitizers
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening