Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyses the reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding alcohols. Diabetic complications including neuropathy, nephropathy, cataracts and retinopathy are considerately caused by accumulation of sorbitol, which is produced from glucose by AR in polyol pathway. The aim of AR inhibitor therapy is to normalize the elevated flux of blood and sorbitol through the polyol pathway in the target tissue. A large number of inhibitors have been prepared synthetically, and some of them are used therapeutically. However, none of them is satisfactory. From the plants, many AR inhibitors have been found, which are discussed in this review. By the structure based functioning of AR and its inhibitors, some will be developed promising in the treatment of diabetic complications. The main structural features of the inhibitors will be a polar head group and a hydrophobic ring system. The plants that contain the AR inhibitors may prevent from diabetic complications.
Keywords: aldose reductase (ar) inhibitors, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, coumarins, ellagic acids, chalcones, acids
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from the Nature
Volume: 10 Issue: 15
Author(s): K. Kawanishi, H. Ueda and M. Moriyasu
Affiliation:
Keywords: aldose reductase (ar) inhibitors, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, coumarins, ellagic acids, chalcones, acids
Abstract: Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyses the reduction of the aldehyde to the corresponding alcohols. Diabetic complications including neuropathy, nephropathy, cataracts and retinopathy are considerately caused by accumulation of sorbitol, which is produced from glucose by AR in polyol pathway. The aim of AR inhibitor therapy is to normalize the elevated flux of blood and sorbitol through the polyol pathway in the target tissue. A large number of inhibitors have been prepared synthetically, and some of them are used therapeutically. However, none of them is satisfactory. From the plants, many AR inhibitors have been found, which are discussed in this review. By the structure based functioning of AR and its inhibitors, some will be developed promising in the treatment of diabetic complications. The main structural features of the inhibitors will be a polar head group and a hydrophobic ring system. The plants that contain the AR inhibitors may prevent from diabetic complications.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kawanishi K., Ueda H. and Moriyasu M., Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from the Nature, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2003; 10 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457304
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457304 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
CEST MRI for Molecular Imaging of Brain Metabolites
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Neuronal High-Affinity Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Transporters (EAATs): Targets for the Development of Novel Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Etiology of Neuroinflammatory Pathologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Treatise
Current Psychopharmacology Genetic Predisposition to Parkinson’s Disease and Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Riluzole, Neuroprotection and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Gene Therapy in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Approaches
Current Gene Therapy Pharmacoperones as a New Therapeutic Approach: In Vitro Identification and In vivo Validation of Bioactive Molecules
Current Drug Targets Commentary: Histaminergic Drugs Could be Novel Targets for Neuroprotection in CNS Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Major Depressive Disorder and Diabetes: Does Serotonin Bridge the Gap?
Current Diabetes Reviews Raxofelast, (±)5-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-benzofuranacetic Acid: A New Antioxidant to Modulate the Inflammatory Response During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Impaired Wound Healing
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Crosstalk Between Calpain and Calcineurin in Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration; Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents β-Glucans: Old Molecules with Newly Discovered Immunological Activities
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Altering the Tropism of Lentiviral Vectors through Pseudotyping
Current Gene Therapy A Comprehensive Review on Recently Detected Herbal Phytoactives Having Anti-Diabetic Potential for Various Diabetes-Related Complications
Current Traditional Medicine Current Metabolomic Methodologies & their Application to Thermal Stress
Current Metabolomics A New Light Device for Wound Healing
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacotherapy of Military Personnel Suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology Antihyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> in Normal and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Frontotemporal Dementia Caused by CHMP2B Mutations
Current Alzheimer Research Ameliorative Potentials of Methanol Fractions of <i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> on Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets