Abstract
Coronary disease is currently a major cause of disability and mortality in older populations. Due to several factors - including increased noncardiovascular mortality, atypical presentation of coronary events, selective survival, and, possibly, clustering of protective genetic traits - the relative risk associated with almost all risk factors decreases with advancing age. Nonetheless, all available evidences from both observational studies and randomized trials indicate that, due to the higher event rates, the absolute risk reduction yielded by preventive interventions is much greater in the older age segments of populations. Another implication of the complex relationships between risk factors and comorbid conditions in the pathogenesis of coronary-related events and mortality, typical of the elderly subjects, is represented by the multiple effects of treatment for single risk factors, such as the decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels and inflammation markers yielded by statins. Taken together, these factors account for the more favorable cost-effectiveness ratios of preventive interventions in the older, as compared with the middle-aged subjects. On the other hand, the high level of interaction between coexistent risk factors and comorbidity renders a global approach to the prevention of coronary events in older subjects mandatory for physicians, as well as for decision-makers. In fact, a multidimensional assessment - including the evaluation of cognitive, affective and social disturbances- driving a multidisciplinary treatment of risk factors -encompassing behavioral counseling and social support - is essential to improve patients compliance and to effectively reduce the burden of coronary-related morbidity and mortality in older populations.
Keywords: coronary risk factors, coronary disease, coronary events, ldl-cholesterol, inflammation markers, statins, coronary-related morbidity
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Coronary Risk Factors in the Elderly: Their Interactions and Treatment
Volume: 9 Issue: 29
Author(s): Pierugo Carbonin, Giuseppe Zuccala, Emanuele Marzetti and Maria Rita Lo Monaco
Affiliation:
Keywords: coronary risk factors, coronary disease, coronary events, ldl-cholesterol, inflammation markers, statins, coronary-related morbidity
Abstract: Coronary disease is currently a major cause of disability and mortality in older populations. Due to several factors - including increased noncardiovascular mortality, atypical presentation of coronary events, selective survival, and, possibly, clustering of protective genetic traits - the relative risk associated with almost all risk factors decreases with advancing age. Nonetheless, all available evidences from both observational studies and randomized trials indicate that, due to the higher event rates, the absolute risk reduction yielded by preventive interventions is much greater in the older age segments of populations. Another implication of the complex relationships between risk factors and comorbid conditions in the pathogenesis of coronary-related events and mortality, typical of the elderly subjects, is represented by the multiple effects of treatment for single risk factors, such as the decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels and inflammation markers yielded by statins. Taken together, these factors account for the more favorable cost-effectiveness ratios of preventive interventions in the older, as compared with the middle-aged subjects. On the other hand, the high level of interaction between coexistent risk factors and comorbidity renders a global approach to the prevention of coronary events in older subjects mandatory for physicians, as well as for decision-makers. In fact, a multidimensional assessment - including the evaluation of cognitive, affective and social disturbances- driving a multidisciplinary treatment of risk factors -encompassing behavioral counseling and social support - is essential to improve patients compliance and to effectively reduce the burden of coronary-related morbidity and mortality in older populations.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Carbonin Pierugo, Zuccala Giuseppe, Marzetti Emanuele and Monaco Rita Lo Maria, Coronary Risk Factors in the Elderly: Their Interactions and Treatment, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2003; 9 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033453857
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033453857 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Eisenmenger Syndrome Using Bosentan
Current Drug Safety Lyn Regulates Cytotoxicity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells Challenged by Cigarette Smoke Extracts
Current Molecular Medicine p53 Peptide Prevents LITAF-Induced TNF-Alpha-Mediated Mouse Lung Lesions and Endotoxic Shock
Current Molecular Medicine Prolonged Perfusion Predicts Recurrent Ischemic Stroke but not Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients with Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis
Current Neurovascular Research Statin Therapy and Cognition in Older People: What is the Evidence?
Current Clinical Pharmacology Histone Methylation and Transcriptional Regulation in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Classification of Heart Disease Using MFO Based Neural Network on MRI Images
Current Medical Imaging Chios Gum Mastic: A Review of its Biological Activities
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epidemiological Evidence Associating Secondhand Smoke Exposure with Cardiovascular Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Role of Vascular Cell Senescence in Atherosclerosis: Antisenescence as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Vascular Aging
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Atherogenic Dyslipidemia of Metabolic Syndrome- Are there New Effective Therapeutic Options Beyond Statins?
Current Drug Therapy Editorial (Thematic Issue: Current Therapeutic Options in Cardiomyopathies)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ignored Avenues in Alpha-Synuclein Associated Proteopathy
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Strategies Combining Biomaterials and Stem Cells for Bone, Liver and Skin Regeneration
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Antagonism by Bioactive Polyphenols Against Inflammation: A Systematic View
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Pleiotropic Effects of Cardioactive Glycosides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Patents on Metallic Biodegradable Stents
Recent Patents on Materials Science Psychological Sequelae of Ovarian Cancer Screening and Genetic Testing for Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility
Current Women`s Health Reviews Cancer Prevention with Promising Natural Products: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Puerarin: A Review on the Pharmacological Activity, Chemical Properties and Pharmacokinetics of Main Isoflavonoid
The Natural Products Journal