Abstract
Arterial Hypertension (AH) is characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, activation of the Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS), vasoconstriction, and microvascular rarefaction. The latter contributes to target organ damage, especially in left ventricular hypertrophy, and may partially be due to impaired angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new microvessels and microvascular networks from existing ones, is a highly regulated process that arises in response to hypoxia and other stimuli and that relieves tissue ischemia. In AH, angiogenesis seems impaired. However, blood pressure alone does not affect angiogenesis, and microvascular rarefaction is present in normotensive persons with a family history for AH. Normal or increased NO in several processes and diseases enables or enhances angiogenesis (e.g. in portal hypertension) and reduced NO biosynthesis (for example, in a rat model of AH, in other disease models in vivo, and in endothelial NO Synthase knock out mice) impairs angiogenesis. Angiogenic growth factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) induce NO and require NO to elicit an effect. Effector molecules and corresponding receptors of the RAAS either induce (Bradykinin, Angiotensin II) or perhaps inhibit angiogenesis. The pattern of Bradykinin- and Angiotensin II-receptor expression and the capacity to normalize NO biosynthesis may determine whether ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and other substances affect angiogenesis. Reconstitution of a normally vascularized tissue by reversal of impaired angiogenesis with drugs such as ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists may contribute to successful treatment of hypertension-associated target organ damage, e.g. left ventricular hypertrophy.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II-receptor, Bradykinin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Hypertension and Angiogenesis
Volume: 9 Issue: 21
Author(s): F. N. Kiefer, S. Neysari, R. Humar, W. Li, V. C. Munk and E. J. Battegay
Affiliation:
Keywords: Angiogenesis, ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II-receptor, Bradykinin
Abstract: Arterial Hypertension (AH) is characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, activation of the Renin- Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (RAAS), vasoconstriction, and microvascular rarefaction. The latter contributes to target organ damage, especially in left ventricular hypertrophy, and may partially be due to impaired angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new microvessels and microvascular networks from existing ones, is a highly regulated process that arises in response to hypoxia and other stimuli and that relieves tissue ischemia. In AH, angiogenesis seems impaired. However, blood pressure alone does not affect angiogenesis, and microvascular rarefaction is present in normotensive persons with a family history for AH. Normal or increased NO in several processes and diseases enables or enhances angiogenesis (e.g. in portal hypertension) and reduced NO biosynthesis (for example, in a rat model of AH, in other disease models in vivo, and in endothelial NO Synthase knock out mice) impairs angiogenesis. Angiogenic growth factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) induce NO and require NO to elicit an effect. Effector molecules and corresponding receptors of the RAAS either induce (Bradykinin, Angiotensin II) or perhaps inhibit angiogenesis. The pattern of Bradykinin- and Angiotensin II-receptor expression and the capacity to normalize NO biosynthesis may determine whether ACE-inhibitors, Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists and other substances affect angiogenesis. Reconstitution of a normally vascularized tissue by reversal of impaired angiogenesis with drugs such as ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists may contribute to successful treatment of hypertension-associated target organ damage, e.g. left ventricular hypertrophy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kiefer N. F., Neysari S., Humar R., Li W., Munk C. V. and Battegay J. E., Hypertension and Angiogenesis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2003; 9 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033454540
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033454540 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MiR-106a Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Through the Regulation of 12/15-LOX-meidiated Oxidative/Nitrative Stress
Current Neurovascular Research Alcohol Consumption, Dementia and Cognitive Decline: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Current Clinical Pharmacology The Neuropeptide Galanin Benefits Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Current Protein & Peptide Science New Insights into Redox-Modulated Cell Signaling
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Triazepandiones and Review of their Applications
Current Organic Chemistry Meet Our Associate Editor:
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Expression and Functions of Heat Shock Proteins in the Normal and Pathological Mammalian Eye
Current Molecular Medicine Soluble CD40L and its Role in Essential Hypertension: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia Assessed by Arterial Spinlabeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Current Neurovascular Research New Trends and Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Molecular Recognition of Human Angiotensin-Coverting Enzyme I (hACE I) and Different Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Influence of Fatty Acids on Metoprolol - Human Serum Albumin Interaction in Low Affinity Binding Sites: A Multifactorial NMR Approach
Protein & Peptide Letters An UPLC Method for Determination of Geraniin in Rat Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents and Adults through the Transcendental Meditation® Program: A Research Review Update
Current Hypertension Reviews Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumours: Pinpointing the Tumours Achilles Heel
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biology, Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Role of Sorafenib
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Hypothermia as a Neuroprotective Strategy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Molecular Medicine Recent Advances in Antiarrhythmic Drug Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Brain Inflammation Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Current Neuropharmacology Considerations in Understanding the Coronary Blood Flow- Left Ventricular Mass Relationship in Patients with Hypertension
Current Cardiology Reviews