Abstract
In this work, the development of a gel reservoir for a timolol (TM) transdermal iontophoretic delivery system is investigated. TM gel is prepared using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and the permeability of TM from the gel through an artificial membrane (Polyflux®) and pig stratum corneum (SC) is studied. For a constant TM donor concentration, the TM transport across the Polyflux® membrane alone decreases when the concentration of the gel increases due to increase of the gel viscosity. For constant gel concentration, however, the TM permeation across the membrane increases when the TM donor concentration increases. In addition, no effect of the electrical current (iontophoresis, current density 0.5 mA cm-2) on the TM permeation is found. For the combination of the Polyflux® membrane with pig SC, the TM transport is much lower than for the membrane alone and the SC fully controls the TM delivery. In this case, the application of electrical current enhances the TM delivery 13-15 times in comparison to passive (no current) transport. According to our estimation, the daily TM dose (10- 60 mg) can be delivered by an iontophoretic patch with Polyflux® membrane area of 6 - 36 cm2 containing 20 % (w / w) HPC gel and 15 mg cm-3 of TM.
Keywords: transdermal, timolol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, gel reservoir, iontophoresis
Current Drug Delivery
Title: In Vitro Evaluation of a Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Gel System for Transdermal Delivery of Timolol
Volume: 1 Issue: 4
Author(s): D. F. Stamatialis, H. H.M. Rolevink, M. Girones, D. C. Nymeijer and G. H. Koops
Affiliation:
Keywords: transdermal, timolol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, gel reservoir, iontophoresis
Abstract: In this work, the development of a gel reservoir for a timolol (TM) transdermal iontophoretic delivery system is investigated. TM gel is prepared using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and the permeability of TM from the gel through an artificial membrane (Polyflux®) and pig stratum corneum (SC) is studied. For a constant TM donor concentration, the TM transport across the Polyflux® membrane alone decreases when the concentration of the gel increases due to increase of the gel viscosity. For constant gel concentration, however, the TM permeation across the membrane increases when the TM donor concentration increases. In addition, no effect of the electrical current (iontophoresis, current density 0.5 mA cm-2) on the TM permeation is found. For the combination of the Polyflux® membrane with pig SC, the TM transport is much lower than for the membrane alone and the SC fully controls the TM delivery. In this case, the application of electrical current enhances the TM delivery 13-15 times in comparison to passive (no current) transport. According to our estimation, the daily TM dose (10- 60 mg) can be delivered by an iontophoretic patch with Polyflux® membrane area of 6 - 36 cm2 containing 20 % (w / w) HPC gel and 15 mg cm-3 of TM.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Stamatialis F. D., Rolevink H.M. H., Girones M., Nymeijer C. D. and Koops H. G., In Vitro Evaluation of a Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Gel System for Transdermal Delivery of Timolol, Current Drug Delivery 2004; 1 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201043334551
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201043334551 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
Nanotechnology Based Chemotherapy for the treatment of Head & Neck Cancer
The escalating recurrence rates observed in Head and Neck cancer, particularly within the chemo-therapeutically treated cohort (50-60%), can be attributed to the non-selective nature of current anticancer drug delivery modalities. In this context, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emerge as a promising avenue for achieving precise localization of therapeutic agents to ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Molecular Damage in Glaucoma: from Anterior to Posterior Eye Segment. The MicroRNA Role
MicroRNA Is there a Relationship Between Gestational Diabetes and Postpartum Depression?
Current Women`s Health Reviews Utilization of Evidence-Based Secondary Prevention Medications at the Time of Discharge in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Qatar
Current Vascular Pharmacology Linking Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Aberrant Insulin Signaling and Inflammation
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Erlotinib and Gefitinib for Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Nitrones: A Potential New Alternative as Therapeutic Agents
Current Organic Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: Natural Products for the Healthy Heart (Guest Editor : Dipak K. Das)]
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Comparison of Dapaglifozin and Liraglutide in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a 24-week, Open, Double-centered, Head to Head Trial
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: Current Overview of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies for Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer)
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Endothelium: A Target for Harmful Actions of Metals
Current Hypertension Reviews Optimization and Validation of Polyherbal Formulation by Applying Boxbehnken Design for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Experimental Animals
Current Drug Therapy Effects of Insulin on the Vasculature
Current Vascular Pharmacology Synthesis of Novel 3(N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl/phenyl Substituted Thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidinones as H1-Anti-Histaminic and Antimicrobial Agents
Current Bioactive Compounds The Lung Disease of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Antiplatelet and Antileukocyte Effects of Cardiovascular,Immunomodulatory and Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Graphical Abstracts:
Current Nutrition & Food Science Renal Sympathetic Denervation and Renal Physiology
Current Clinical Pharmacology Renal Artery Stenting: Efficacy and Complications
Current Hypertension Reviews Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006): Review of Clinical Development
Current Clinical Pharmacology Diet and Neurocognition: Review of Evidence and Methodological Considerations
Current Aging Science