Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower limbs is associated with a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermittent claudication is the most common symptomatic manifestation of PAD, but is in its own value an important predictor of cardiovascular death, increasing it by three-fold, and increasing all-cause mortality by two-to-five fold. Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular disorders, including PAD. Of hypertensives at presentation, about 2-5% have intermittent claudication, with increasing prevalence with age. Otherwise, 35-55% of patients with PAD at presentation also show hypertension. Patients who suffer from hypertension with PAD have a greatly increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. There is no consensus on the specific treatment of hypertension in PAD because of the limited controlled studies on antihypertensive therapy in such specific PAD population. There is an obvious need of such outcome studies, especially since the two conditions are frequently encountered together. However, as risk is high in all PAD patients, the most important goal remains to decrease the global cardiovascular risk in such patients rather than to focus on the control of blood pressure only and on the reduction of symptoms of PAD. Therefore, treatment with antiplatelet drugs, ACE-inhibitors and statins should be considered.
Keywords: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, antihypertensive drugs, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Hypertension in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Volume: 10 Issue: 29
Author(s): Denis L. Clement, Marc L. De Buyzere and Daniel A. Duprez
Affiliation:
Keywords: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, antihypertensive drugs, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Abstract: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower limbs is associated with a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermittent claudication is the most common symptomatic manifestation of PAD, but is in its own value an important predictor of cardiovascular death, increasing it by three-fold, and increasing all-cause mortality by two-to-five fold. Hypertension is a risk factor for vascular disorders, including PAD. Of hypertensives at presentation, about 2-5% have intermittent claudication, with increasing prevalence with age. Otherwise, 35-55% of patients with PAD at presentation also show hypertension. Patients who suffer from hypertension with PAD have a greatly increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. There is no consensus on the specific treatment of hypertension in PAD because of the limited controlled studies on antihypertensive therapy in such specific PAD population. There is an obvious need of such outcome studies, especially since the two conditions are frequently encountered together. However, as risk is high in all PAD patients, the most important goal remains to decrease the global cardiovascular risk in such patients rather than to focus on the control of blood pressure only and on the reduction of symptoms of PAD. Therefore, treatment with antiplatelet drugs, ACE-inhibitors and statins should be considered.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Clement L. Denis, De Buyzere L. Marc and Duprez A. Daniel, Hypertension in Peripheral Arterial Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043382819
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043382819 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Tuberculosis, Malaria and Cardiovascular Diseases - A Review
Current Organic Chemistry Anti-cancer and Other Bioactivities of Korean Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) and Its Major Pyranocoumarin Compounds
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Women Tipping the Scale During Pregnancy: A Special Population for Obesity Interventions,Treatments and Clinical Trials
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Role of Endothelin in Early Vascular Aging
Current Hypertension Reviews Effectiveness and Safety of Digoxin on Chronic Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Multi-Constituent Cardiovascular Pills (MCCP) - Challenges and Promises of Population-Based Prophylactic Drug Therapy for Prevention of Heart Attack
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Biology of T-Type Calcium Channels
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Oxidative Stress Correlates (OSC) in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Current Diabetes Reviews Chaperonopathies and Chaperonotherapy. Hsp60 as Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Potential Benefits and Risks
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Nanostructured Polymeric Carriers to Enable Drug Delivery for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thrombophilia in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Implications
Current Women`s Health Reviews Advances in the Systemic Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors in the Era of Molecular Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Linezolid - The First Oxazolidinone in the Treatment of Nosocomial MRSA Pneumonia
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence: The Roles of Hypertension, Duration of Atrial Fibrillation Disease, and Prolonged Signal-Averaged P Wave Duration
Current Cardiology Reviews The Role of Chest High Resolution CT and RT-PCR in Diagnosis of Different Stages of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia
New Emirates Medical Journal Models for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Link with Vascular Risk
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preface (Hot Topic: Medicinal Strategies in the Treatment of Obesity Guest Editor: Akio Inui)
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Flavonoids in Atherosclerosis: An Overview of Their Mechanisms of Action
Current Medicinal Chemistry Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review
Recent Patents on Biomarkers