Abstract
Helper T-lymphocytes have been shown to differentiate into two mutually regulatory subsets. Cells primarily secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-g are known as Th1 cells and mediate classical cell-mediated immune responses such as delayed-type hypersensitivity. Cells secreting interleukin-4 (IL-4) are known as Th2 cells and promote humoral immune responses, in particular the production of IgE and IgG4 (human) or IgG1 (rodents). Over-activity of either cell type can result in tissue-damaging autoimmune disease. A number of human diseases including asthma and some kidney diseases are thought to be caused by a Th-2 type autoimmune response. Study of an animal model of Th2-driven autoimmunity (mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway rats) has yielded insights into a possible role for oxidant stress in the generation of Th-2 driven autoimmune responses. Mercuric chloride probably causes oxidant stress by the generation of free-radicals, activating NK-kB, a transcription factor for the IL-4 gene. Treatment with the antioxidants N-acetlcysteine and desferrioxamine has been shown to suppress vasculitis and IgE production in this model. These findings suggest a possible clinical role for antioxidants in the therapy of human autoimmune disease.
Keywords: autoimmunity, antioxidants, th2, mercuric chloride
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Reactive Oxygen Species in the Initiation of IL-4 Driven Autoimmunity as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Volume: 10 Issue: 8
Author(s): Z. Wu, I. A. M. MacPhee and D. B. G. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Keywords: autoimmunity, antioxidants, th2, mercuric chloride
Abstract: Helper T-lymphocytes have been shown to differentiate into two mutually regulatory subsets. Cells primarily secreting interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-g are known as Th1 cells and mediate classical cell-mediated immune responses such as delayed-type hypersensitivity. Cells secreting interleukin-4 (IL-4) are known as Th2 cells and promote humoral immune responses, in particular the production of IgE and IgG4 (human) or IgG1 (rodents). Over-activity of either cell type can result in tissue-damaging autoimmune disease. A number of human diseases including asthma and some kidney diseases are thought to be caused by a Th-2 type autoimmune response. Study of an animal model of Th2-driven autoimmunity (mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway rats) has yielded insights into a possible role for oxidant stress in the generation of Th-2 driven autoimmune responses. Mercuric chloride probably causes oxidant stress by the generation of free-radicals, activating NK-kB, a transcription factor for the IL-4 gene. Treatment with the antioxidants N-acetlcysteine and desferrioxamine has been shown to suppress vasculitis and IgE production in this model. These findings suggest a possible clinical role for antioxidants in the therapy of human autoimmune disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wu Z., M. MacPhee A. I. and G. Oliveira B. D., Reactive Oxygen Species in the Initiation of IL-4 Driven Autoimmunity as a Potential Therapeutic Target, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452875
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043452875 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mean Platelet Volume: A Link Between Thrombosis and Inflammation?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biologics for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Renal Biopsy Research with Implications for Therapy of Glomerulonephritis
Current Drug Therapy MicroRNAs as Candidate Drug Targets for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Angiogenesis: Recent and Future Prospects of Gene Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease
Current Gene Therapy Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Protease Activated Receptors in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections :
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Development of Infection and Inflammation Targeting Compounds
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Cardiovascular Complications of HIV Infection and Treatment
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase as a Target for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Novel Therapeutic Targets for Somatostatin in Inflammatory Chronic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Molecular Imaging of Vascular Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Use of Cyclosporine in Respiratory Diseases
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Abatacept and Glomerular Diseases: The Open Road for the Second Signal as a New Target is Settled Down
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Transgenic Models in Allergic Responses
Current Drug Targets Anagliptin, A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness in Association with Reduction of Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol and Alanine Transaminase Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Current Vascular Pharmacology Clinical Significance of Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Lipid Reduction and Beyond
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hemolysis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Sickle Cell Disease: Global Disruption of the Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway
Current Hypertension Reviews Neurological Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Modulators of the Vascular Endothelin Receptor in Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension
Current Molecular Pharmacology