Abstract
Among the known synthetic routes to obtain xanthones, the Grover, Shah, and Shah reaction, the cyclodehydration of 2, 2-dihydroxybenzophenones and electrophilic cycloacylation of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids are the most popular methods. Due to important biological applications of xanthones, some synthetic strategies leading to more complex derivatives have been widely explored in the past years. Thus, the purpose of this review is to report some recent improvements of the classical synthetic methods as well as of some nonclassical methods to obtain simple oxygenated xanthones. The strategies for introduction of substituents into the xanthonic nucleus are also summarized. Furthermore, different approaches used to synthesize complex structures, with an emphasis on the total synthesis of bioactive natural products, accomplished in the last twenty years, are also discussed. Besides the synthesis of xanthones, the reactivity of the xanthonic nucleus and its role as a key intermediate for the synthesis of other important classes of compounds are also highlighted.
Keywords: xanthone, xanthenone, heterocycle, synthesis, benzophenone, diphenyl ether, xanthene
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Synthesis of Xanthones: An Overview
Volume: 12 Issue: 21
Author(s): M. E. Sousa and M. M.M. Pinto
Affiliation:
Keywords: xanthone, xanthenone, heterocycle, synthesis, benzophenone, diphenyl ether, xanthene
Abstract: Among the known synthetic routes to obtain xanthones, the Grover, Shah, and Shah reaction, the cyclodehydration of 2, 2-dihydroxybenzophenones and electrophilic cycloacylation of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids are the most popular methods. Due to important biological applications of xanthones, some synthetic strategies leading to more complex derivatives have been widely explored in the past years. Thus, the purpose of this review is to report some recent improvements of the classical synthetic methods as well as of some nonclassical methods to obtain simple oxygenated xanthones. The strategies for introduction of substituents into the xanthonic nucleus are also summarized. Furthermore, different approaches used to synthesize complex structures, with an emphasis on the total synthesis of bioactive natural products, accomplished in the last twenty years, are also discussed. Besides the synthesis of xanthones, the reactivity of the xanthonic nucleus and its role as a key intermediate for the synthesis of other important classes of compounds are also highlighted.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sousa E. M. and Pinto M.M. M., Synthesis of Xanthones: An Overview, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2005; 12 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774370736
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986705774370736 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Synthesis and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of 5-Halogenomethylsulfonyl- Benzimidazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives
Medicinal Chemistry Pulmonary Complications After Congenital Heart Surgery
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Larvicidal Activity and Click Synthesis of 2-Alkoxyl-2-(1,2,3-Triazole-1- yl)Acetamide Library
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Before and After Preeclampsia: What Biomarkers are there?
Current Women`s Health Reviews Synthesis of Combretastatin A-4 Analogs and their Biological Activities
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Development of Selective High Affinity Antagonists, Agonists, and Radioligands for the P2Y1 Receptor
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Gallium Components-Based Drug Delivery: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets State of the Art Management of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Motor Unit and Neuromuscular Junction Remodeling with Aging
Current Aging Science Angiomodulatory and Neurological Effects of Ginsenosides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Discovery of a “Cocktail” of Potential SARS-COV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors through Virtual Screening of Known Chemical Components of Vitex negundo L. (“Lagundi”)
Medicinal Chemistry Opportunities and Challenges of Fluorescent Carbon Dots in Translational Optical Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insight into the Medicinal Chemistry of EGFR and HER-2 Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Thienocinnolinone Alkanoic Acid Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors
Medicinal Chemistry Design of New Oxazaphosphorine Anticancer Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identification of Main Protease of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (M<sup>pro</sup>) Inhibitors from <i>Melissa officinalis</i>
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Naturally Occurring and Related Synthetic Cannabinoids and their Potential Therapeutic Applications
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Circulatory and Placental Expression of Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase- 1 and Placental Growth Factor in HIV-infected Preeclampsia
Current Hypertension Reviews Exploration of Some Thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 2-Oxoindoline Derivatives Incorporating 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl Moiety as Novel Anticancer Agents
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Halophenols
Medicinal Chemistry