Abstract
The incidence of cancer and its related morbidity and mortality remain on the increase in both developing and developed countries. Cancer remains a huge burden on the health and social welfare sectors worldwide and its prevention and cure remain two golden goals that science strives to achieve. Among the treatment options for cancer that have emerged in the past 100 years, cancer vaccine immunotherapy seems to present a promising and relatively safer approach as compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The identification of different tumour antigens in the last fifteen years using a variety of techniques, together with the molecular cloning of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)- and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)-defined tumour antigens allowed more refining of the cancer vaccines that are currently used in different clinical trials. In a proportion of treated patients, some of these vaccines have resulted in partial or complete tumour regression, while they have increased the disease-free survival rate in others. These outcomes are more evident now in patients suffering from melanoma. This review provides an update on melanoma vaccine immunotherapy. Different cancer antigens are reviewed with a detailed description of the melanoma antigens discovered so far. The review also summarises clinical trials and individual clinical cases in which some of the old and current methods to vaccinate against or treat melanoma were used. These include vaccines made of autologous or allogenic melanoma tumour cells, melanoma peptides, recombinant bacterial or viral vectors, or dendritic cells.
Keywords: immunotherapy, malignant melanoma, tumour antigens, human cancer antigen, tyrosinase, melanoma vaccines
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Melanoma Immunotherapy: Past, Present, and Future
Volume: 11 Issue: 27
Author(s): F. Saleh, W. Renno, I. Klepacek, G. Ibrahim, S. Asfar, H. Dashti, P. Romero, A. Dashti and A. Behbehani
Affiliation:
Keywords: immunotherapy, malignant melanoma, tumour antigens, human cancer antigen, tyrosinase, melanoma vaccines
Abstract: The incidence of cancer and its related morbidity and mortality remain on the increase in both developing and developed countries. Cancer remains a huge burden on the health and social welfare sectors worldwide and its prevention and cure remain two golden goals that science strives to achieve. Among the treatment options for cancer that have emerged in the past 100 years, cancer vaccine immunotherapy seems to present a promising and relatively safer approach as compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The identification of different tumour antigens in the last fifteen years using a variety of techniques, together with the molecular cloning of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)- and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)-defined tumour antigens allowed more refining of the cancer vaccines that are currently used in different clinical trials. In a proportion of treated patients, some of these vaccines have resulted in partial or complete tumour regression, while they have increased the disease-free survival rate in others. These outcomes are more evident now in patients suffering from melanoma. This review provides an update on melanoma vaccine immunotherapy. Different cancer antigens are reviewed with a detailed description of the melanoma antigens discovered so far. The review also summarises clinical trials and individual clinical cases in which some of the old and current methods to vaccinate against or treat melanoma were used. These include vaccines made of autologous or allogenic melanoma tumour cells, melanoma peptides, recombinant bacterial or viral vectors, or dendritic cells.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Saleh F., Renno W., Klepacek I., Ibrahim G., Asfar S., Dashti H., Romero P., Dashti A. and Behbehani A., Melanoma Immunotherapy: Past, Present, and Future, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161205774414529
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161205774414529 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Analytic strategies to evaluate the association of time-varying exposures to HIV-related outcomes: Alcohol consumption as an example
Current HIV Research Capacity Building in Genomics Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics: The Case of Sri Lanka
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Roles of miRNA in the Initiation and Development of Colorectal Carcinoma
Current Pharmaceutical Design PET in Anti-Cancer Drug Development and Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Clinical Impact of Hypomethylating Agents in the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Thalidomide Analogues as Anticancer Drugs
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Urinary Tract Tumors, Biology and Risk for Artificial Sweeteners Use with Particular Emphasis on some South American Countries
Current Nutrition & Food Science Tumor Intracellular Redox Status and Drug Resistance-Serendipity or a Causal Relationship?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [ Hot Topic:Recent Concepts on Cancer- and Metastasis-Initiating Cells and Their Therapeutic Implications in the Development of Novel Effective Cancer Therapies(Guest Editors: M. Mimeault and S.K. Batra) ]
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Radiation Induced Non-targeted Response: Mechanism and Potential Clinical Implications
Current Molecular Pharmacology Liposome Encapsulated All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) has Enhanced Immunomodulatory and Inflammation Reducing Activities in Mice Model
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry VEGF Signaling in Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents-A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Sequence and Time Dependence of Transfection Efficiency of Electrically- Assisted Gene Delivery to Tumors in Mice
Current Drug Delivery Modulatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Olive Oil and Other Dietary Lipids in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Systematic Review of the Molecular Mechanisms of Uranium -Induced Reproductive Toxicity
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Epigenetic Control of MicroRNA Expression and Aging
Current Genomics Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Motor Neuron Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Resveratrol as an Enhancer of Apoptosis in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Current Cancer Drug Targets