Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterised by increased glomerular permeability to proteins, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in the mesangium. Both mesangial cells and podocytes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these alterations. Recent studies have cast light on both the mediators and the intracellular signalling molecules whereby high glucose and stretch, mimicking glomerular capillary hypertension, induce an abnormal extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, they have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms by which multiple pathways of hyperglycaemia- and hypertension-induced damage may converge at the cellular level. Glomerulosclerosis only partially explains the development of proteinuria and in recent years there has been a growing interest on the potential role of podocytes. The discovery of nephrin, a key molecule of the slit-diaphragm, has stressed the importance of podocytes in maintaining the glomerular size-selective barrier. Nephrin is lost in both human and experimental diabetic nephropathy and studies on cultured podocytes have shown that insults relevant to diabetes, such as high glucose, AGE, angiotensin II, and stretch, have important deleterious effects on podocyte survival and adhesion. This review focuses on the most significant advances in understanding the pathophysiology of both mesangial cells and podocytes, and their potential impact on diabetic nephropathy future treatments.
Keywords: nephrin, stretch, mesangial cells, podocytes, diabetic nephropathy
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Insight on the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy from the Study of Podocyte and Mesangial Cell Biology
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Gabriella Gruden, Paolo C. Perin and Giovanni Camussi
Affiliation:
Keywords: nephrin, stretch, mesangial cells, podocytes, diabetic nephropathy
Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is characterised by increased glomerular permeability to proteins, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in the mesangium. Both mesangial cells and podocytes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these alterations. Recent studies have cast light on both the mediators and the intracellular signalling molecules whereby high glucose and stretch, mimicking glomerular capillary hypertension, induce an abnormal extracellular matrix deposition. Furthermore, they have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms by which multiple pathways of hyperglycaemia- and hypertension-induced damage may converge at the cellular level. Glomerulosclerosis only partially explains the development of proteinuria and in recent years there has been a growing interest on the potential role of podocytes. The discovery of nephrin, a key molecule of the slit-diaphragm, has stressed the importance of podocytes in maintaining the glomerular size-selective barrier. Nephrin is lost in both human and experimental diabetic nephropathy and studies on cultured podocytes have shown that insults relevant to diabetes, such as high glucose, AGE, angiotensin II, and stretch, have important deleterious effects on podocyte survival and adhesion. This review focuses on the most significant advances in understanding the pathophysiology of both mesangial cells and podocytes, and their potential impact on diabetic nephropathy future treatments.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gruden Gabriella, Perin C. Paolo and Camussi Giovanni, Insight on the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy from the Study of Podocyte and Mesangial Cell Biology, Current Diabetes Reviews 2005; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399052952622
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399052952622 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Sphingolipids in Cell Signaling: Their Function as Receptor Ligands, Second Messengers, and Raft Constituents
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Impact of Pharmacogenetic Determinants of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate on Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients
Current Drug Metabolism Dipyridamole: A Drug with Unrecognized Antioxidant Activity
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Advances in the Methodologies for the Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Measuring Glycaemic Variation
Current Diabetes Reviews Natriuretic Peptide Family: New Aspects
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Identification of New Susceptibility Genes for Type 1 Diabetes: An Update
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease: New hopes in treatment with herbal antioxidants
Current Pharmaceutical Design CCR1 and CCR2 Antagonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design p38 MAPK: A Potential Target of Chronic Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Structure Based Drug Design of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in the Measurement of Arterial Stiffness: Recent Evidence and Clinical Applications
Current Hypertension Reviews Voglibose (Basen®, AO-128), One of the Most Important α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Developments in the Search for Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Human Islet Transplantation: Current Status and Future Direction
Micro and Nanosystems The CX3C-Chemokine Fractalkine in Kidney Diseases
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Assessment of Glomerular and Tubular Function
Current Pediatric Reviews Pericyte Loss in Diabetic Retinopathy: Mechanisms and Consequences
Current Medicinal Chemistry Carcinogenesis and Diabetic Wound Healing: Evidences of Parallelism
Current Diabetes Reviews