Abstract
In-stent restenosis remains the limitation of coronary stent implantation despite numerous efforts of its prevention by catheter-based techniques or by drug therapy. Today, only intravascular irradiation has proven to effectively reduce neointima formation, restenosis rate and major adverse cardiovascular events by approximately 50%. Its efficiency is demonstrated for high-risk subsets like long lesions, lesions in saphenous venous bypass grafts or diabetic patients, indicating the extraordinary potential of vascular irradiation. Yet vascular irradiation has some limitations. Edge effect describes the phenomenon of excessive neointimal proliferation at the edges of an irradiated segment and is likely due to axial dose fall-off and / or barotrauma by the angioplasty procedure. Geographic miss, the combination of dose fall-off and vessel injury may be deleterious, especially if a new stent is implanted. The use of appropriate radiation source lengths to avoid geographic miss substantially reduces the incidence of edge effect. Late thrombosis, occurring even years after irradiation, had significantly diminished the benefit of vascular irradiation in initial clinical trials, but extension of ntiplatelet therapy up to 12 months after irradiation has reduced its rates to placebo levels. Vascular brachytherapy is of considerable clinical benefit in the prevention of restenosis and the only proven option for the treatment of in-stent restenotic lesions. This review will focus on the mechanisms of action of vascular irradiation, on the pathophysiological reasons for its complications and therapeutic options. Both angiographic and clinical results of randomised and observational studies will be updated in detail.
Keywords: in-stent restenosis, coronary angioplasty, intravascular irradiation, coronary stents, late thrombosis, edge effect
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Intracoronary Brachytherapy - Clinical State and Pathophysiological Considerations
Volume: 11 Issue: 4
Author(s): Florian Krotz, Hae-Young Sohn, Volker Klauss and Thomas M. Schiele
Affiliation:
Keywords: in-stent restenosis, coronary angioplasty, intravascular irradiation, coronary stents, late thrombosis, edge effect
Abstract: In-stent restenosis remains the limitation of coronary stent implantation despite numerous efforts of its prevention by catheter-based techniques or by drug therapy. Today, only intravascular irradiation has proven to effectively reduce neointima formation, restenosis rate and major adverse cardiovascular events by approximately 50%. Its efficiency is demonstrated for high-risk subsets like long lesions, lesions in saphenous venous bypass grafts or diabetic patients, indicating the extraordinary potential of vascular irradiation. Yet vascular irradiation has some limitations. Edge effect describes the phenomenon of excessive neointimal proliferation at the edges of an irradiated segment and is likely due to axial dose fall-off and / or barotrauma by the angioplasty procedure. Geographic miss, the combination of dose fall-off and vessel injury may be deleterious, especially if a new stent is implanted. The use of appropriate radiation source lengths to avoid geographic miss substantially reduces the incidence of edge effect. Late thrombosis, occurring even years after irradiation, had significantly diminished the benefit of vascular irradiation in initial clinical trials, but extension of ntiplatelet therapy up to 12 months after irradiation has reduced its rates to placebo levels. Vascular brachytherapy is of considerable clinical benefit in the prevention of restenosis and the only proven option for the treatment of in-stent restenotic lesions. This review will focus on the mechanisms of action of vascular irradiation, on the pathophysiological reasons for its complications and therapeutic options. Both angiographic and clinical results of randomised and observational studies will be updated in detail.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Krotz Florian, Sohn Hae-Young, Klauss Volker and Schiele M. Thomas, Intracoronary Brachytherapy - Clinical State and Pathophysiological Considerations, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053382025
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053382025 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Virulence Potential of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Patients from Southern Poland
Current Vascular Pharmacology Modeling Loss of Microvascular Wall Homeostasis during Glycocalyx Deterioration and Hypertension that Impacts Plasma Filtration and Solute Exchange
Current Neurovascular Research Randomized Clinical Stroke Trials in 2006
Current Vascular Pharmacology Ziconotide: Neuronal Calcium Channel Blocker for Treating Severe Chronic Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 based Cellular Therapies for Oxidative Stress Injury
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Lithium and its Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Effects: Potential Treatment for Post-Ischemic Stroke Sequelae
Current Drug Targets Hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Osteoclastogenesis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A New Therapeutic Target
Current Drug Targets Right Heart Catheterization Through Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava, an Extremely Rare Procedure and Review of Current Literature
Current Cardiology Reviews Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition in Atherosclerosis and Stroke
Current Molecular Medicine Editorial: Overview on microRNAs in Cancer Development and Virus Infection
MicroRNA Cardiovascular Imaging in Thromboembolic Risk Stratification for Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Patents and Current Practice
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tetracyclines: Applications to Human Disease
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Targets in Osteoarthritis: Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors
Current Drug Targets Levosimendan Preoperative
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gauzoma in A Scleroderma Patient Following Open Heart Surgery: A Case Report
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Diagnosis of Large Airway Pathology and the Role of Rigid Bronchoscopy
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Cerebrovascular Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Protein & Peptide Letters Intracranial Aneurysms in Sickle Cell Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Increased OPG Expression and Impaired OPG/TRAIL Ratio in the Aorta of Diabetic Rats
Medicinal Chemistry