Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of over nutrition; the onset and progression of which, is associated with excess fat accumulation in the abdomen, muscles and liver. In this review, we focus on management of obesity as the primary strategy for management of disorders of glucose metabolism. Modest weight loss (∼7%) achieved by diet and exercise can prevent, or delay, the onset of T2DM. In those with established T2DM, weight loss reduces fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels, HbA1c, and the need for pharmacotherapy. The beneficial effects on glucose metabolism of caloric restriction, and aerobic and resistance exercise, may occur independently of weight loss. When substantial weight loss is required, meal replacements allow a large reduction in energy consumption whilst maintaining micronutrient intake. Pharmacotherapy for obesity, as part of an integrated management plan, is useful for maintaining weight loss and optimising glycaemic control. The most effective long-term therapy for obesity remains bariatric surgery, which is associated with resolution of T2DM in over 80% of patients. The currently available pharmacotherapies for T2DM mostly result in weight gain. Pramlintide and exenatide are new therapies which hold promise, because in addition to improved glycaemic control, they also result in weight loss.
Keywords: Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Management of Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Volume: 3 Issue: 2
Author(s): Lucia Gagliardi and Gary Wittert
Affiliation:
Keywords: Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of over nutrition; the onset and progression of which, is associated with excess fat accumulation in the abdomen, muscles and liver. In this review, we focus on management of obesity as the primary strategy for management of disorders of glucose metabolism. Modest weight loss (∼7%) achieved by diet and exercise can prevent, or delay, the onset of T2DM. In those with established T2DM, weight loss reduces fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels, HbA1c, and the need for pharmacotherapy. The beneficial effects on glucose metabolism of caloric restriction, and aerobic and resistance exercise, may occur independently of weight loss. When substantial weight loss is required, meal replacements allow a large reduction in energy consumption whilst maintaining micronutrient intake. Pharmacotherapy for obesity, as part of an integrated management plan, is useful for maintaining weight loss and optimising glycaemic control. The most effective long-term therapy for obesity remains bariatric surgery, which is associated with resolution of T2DM in over 80% of patients. The currently available pharmacotherapies for T2DM mostly result in weight gain. Pramlintide and exenatide are new therapies which hold promise, because in addition to improved glycaemic control, they also result in weight loss.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gagliardi Lucia and Wittert Gary, Management of Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Current Diabetes Reviews 2007; 3 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339907780598207
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339907780598207 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancing Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Interventions
In recent years, diabetic wounds have become a global health concern with the increase in the incidence of diabetes. Diabetic wounds are a kind of chronic and refractory ulcer. It is generally due to the microcirculatory disturbances and the reduced levels of endogenous growth factors. Delayed cutaneous wound healing is ...read more
Oxidative and inflammatory responses in the development of secondary diabetic complications
Diabetes, along with its associated secondary complications, represents a significant global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyle habits, reduced physical activity, environmental pollutants, and stress are pivotal factors in the onset of diabetes, particularly type-2 diabetes. Poorly managed hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including neuropathy, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Biomarkers in Lone Atrial Fibrillation-An Additional ‘Fine Tuning’ of Risk?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Factors Associated with the Length of the Third Stage of Labour: A Descriptive-Analytical Study
Current Women`s Health Reviews Neurotoxicity of Insecticides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Subject Index To Volume 4
Current Vascular Pharmacology Longevity Pathways: HSF1 and FoxO Pathways, a New Therapeutic Target to Prevent Age-Related Diseases
Current Aging Science The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Osteolastogenesis and Immune Relevance
Current Medicinal Chemistry Effect of Solvents, Drug/Polymer Ratio and Surfactant Concentration on In Vitro Characteristic of Repaglinide Loaded Poly (Meth) Acrylate Nanoparticles
Micro and Nanosystems Over-nutrition, Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Development of β-Cell Dysfunction
Current Diabetes Reviews Adverse Effects of Tacrolimus in Renal Transplant Patients from Living Donors
Current Drug Safety Critical Limb Ischemia: Definition and Natural History
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Subject Index To Volume 7
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sex Hormones and their Analogues in Neuroimmune Biology
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Placental Hypoxia Developed During Preeclampsia Induces Telocytes Apoptosis in Chorionic Villi Affecting The Maternal-Fetus Metabolic Exchange
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Obesity: A New Pathology to Pay Attention to in Young People
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lead Finding from Selected Flavonoids with Antiviral (SARS-CoV-2) Potentials Against COVID-19: An In-silico Evaluation
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Oral Delivery of Antidiabetic Polypeptide-k: Journey so far and the Road Ahead
Current Drug Delivery Emerging Concepts in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Current Women`s Health Reviews Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs on Adiponectin
Current Vascular Pharmacology Contemporary Animal Models For Human Gene Therapy Applications
Current Gene Therapy Bleeding Complications in the Course of Treatment with Antidepressants in Elderly Patients
Current Psychiatry Reviews