Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, being the maturation process dependent on the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) expressed on their surface. TLRs associated to adaptor proteins, following binding to PAMPs, are able to skew specific immune responses towards the T helper (h)1- or the Th2-type according to the antigenic stimulation involved. Of note, other receptors different from TLRs are expressed on DCs which are also able to recognize PAMPs. Among them, one should mention the DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, the mannose receptor, Dectin-1 (the major β-glucan receptor) and NOD2. Finally, the possibility to interfere therapeutically with the TLR-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in DCs is reviewed. According to current literature, DC activation, their antigen uptake capacity and migration can be enhanced with different experimental procedures whose use in humans is still under evaluation. However, just recently a probiotic cocktail VSL3, successfully used in patients with pouchitis, seems to act on DCs, promoting abundant release of Interleukin- 10 in the gut. These novel therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the signaling pathways in DCs seem to be encouraging for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Keywords: TIR domaincontaining adaptor protein (TIRAP), mannose receptor (MR), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), DC homing, cytokines
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Dendritic Cell Activation: Potential Therapeutic Control of T Cell Polarization
Volume: 12 Issue: 32
Author(s): Luigi Amati, Maria Pepe, Maria Elena Passeri, Maria Letizia Mastronardi, Emilio Jirillo and Vito Covelli
Affiliation:
Keywords: TIR domaincontaining adaptor protein (TIRAP), mannose receptor (MR), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), DC homing, cytokines
Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, being the maturation process dependent on the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) expressed on their surface. TLRs associated to adaptor proteins, following binding to PAMPs, are able to skew specific immune responses towards the T helper (h)1- or the Th2-type according to the antigenic stimulation involved. Of note, other receptors different from TLRs are expressed on DCs which are also able to recognize PAMPs. Among them, one should mention the DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, the mannose receptor, Dectin-1 (the major β-glucan receptor) and NOD2. Finally, the possibility to interfere therapeutically with the TLR-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in DCs is reviewed. According to current literature, DC activation, their antigen uptake capacity and migration can be enhanced with different experimental procedures whose use in humans is still under evaluation. However, just recently a probiotic cocktail VSL3, successfully used in patients with pouchitis, seems to act on DCs, promoting abundant release of Interleukin- 10 in the gut. These novel therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the signaling pathways in DCs seem to be encouraging for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Amati Luigi, Pepe Maria, Elena Passeri Maria, Letizia Mastronardi Maria, Jirillo Emilio and Covelli Vito, Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Dendritic Cell Activation: Potential Therapeutic Control of T Cell Polarization, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2006; 12 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743583
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161206778743583 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Regulation of Ocular Immune Responses by Corneal Epithelium
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Expanding Role of APRIL in Cancer and Immunity
Current Molecular Medicine Associations between Depressive Disorders and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Antibody-Mediated Endothelial Cell Damage Via Nitric Oxide
Current Pharmaceutical Design B Cell Depletion with Rituximab in Graves Disease and Associated Orbitopathy
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) An Update on JAK Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Current Status and Future Prospects of Small–molecule Protein–protein Interaction (PPI) Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The TGF-β 1/Foxp3 Regulatory Axis in Immune Self-Tolerance: Implications for Health and Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Critical Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways in the Induction and Progression of Autoimmune Diseases
Current Molecular Medicine Experimental Strategies in Autoimmunity: Antagonists of Cytokines and their Receptors, Nanocarriers, Inhibitors of Immunoproteasome, Leukocyte Migration and Protein Kinases
Current Pharmaceutical Design ImmunemiR - A Database of Prioritized Immune miRNA Disease Associations and its Interactome
MicroRNA Cytokine Therapies in Crohns Disease: Where are We Now and where should We Go?
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Human Parvovirus B19: An Infectious Agent with the Potential to Induce and Trigger Rheumatic Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Autoantibody-Induced Formation of Immune Complexes in Normal Human Serum
Current Pharmaceutical Design Use of MHC II Structural Features in the Design of Vaccines for Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacological Modulation of Caspase Activation
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Rheumatoid Arthritis, Immunosenescence and the Hallmarks of Aging
Current Aging Science Application of Agents Against Interferon-Gamma-Dependent Chemokines in Immunotherapy
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Vitamin D : Autoimmunity and Gender
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nanocarriers as Tools in Delivering Active Compounds for Immune System Related Pathologies
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology