Abstract
Breathing is generated and controlled by a brainstem neuronal network. Both intrinsic and synaptic interactions are involved in respiratory rhythm generation and their contribution is state-dependent, changing with hypoxia and the neuromodulatory state. Cellular mechanisms involved in acute or chronic pathological conditions are still unknown. A dysfunction in the neuronal network that controls breathing may be involved in several respiratory disorders such as central sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, congenital hypoventilation, and in some clinical conditions that produce breathing dysfunction such as drug-induced respiratory depression, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, etc. Despite the fact that several drugs are currently used to treat these diseases, the probable effects of this pharmacotherapy on the central rhythm generator and on other neuronal networks related with breathing control is poorly understood. Here, we review the current pharmacological approaches in the treatment of respiratory disorders, such as acetazolamide, theophylline, aminophylline, progesterone, nitric oxide. Possible effects of these drugs on the central respiratory network are discussed and putative therapeutic targets for the development of future pharmacological therapies suggested.
Keywords: Breathing, respiratory network, preBotzinger complex, neuromodulation, respiratory disorders, respiratory pharmacotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Breathing Generation and Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Central Respiratory Disorders
Volume: 13 Issue: 22
Author(s): Fernando Pena and Octavio Garcia
Affiliation:
Keywords: Breathing, respiratory network, preBotzinger complex, neuromodulation, respiratory disorders, respiratory pharmacotherapy
Abstract: Breathing is generated and controlled by a brainstem neuronal network. Both intrinsic and synaptic interactions are involved in respiratory rhythm generation and their contribution is state-dependent, changing with hypoxia and the neuromodulatory state. Cellular mechanisms involved in acute or chronic pathological conditions are still unknown. A dysfunction in the neuronal network that controls breathing may be involved in several respiratory disorders such as central sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, congenital hypoventilation, and in some clinical conditions that produce breathing dysfunction such as drug-induced respiratory depression, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, etc. Despite the fact that several drugs are currently used to treat these diseases, the probable effects of this pharmacotherapy on the central rhythm generator and on other neuronal networks related with breathing control is poorly understood. Here, we review the current pharmacological approaches in the treatment of respiratory disorders, such as acetazolamide, theophylline, aminophylline, progesterone, nitric oxide. Possible effects of these drugs on the central respiratory network are discussed and putative therapeutic targets for the development of future pharmacological therapies suggested.
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Cite this article as:
Pena Fernando and Garcia Octavio, Breathing Generation and Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Central Respiratory Disorders, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778201602
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706778201602 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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