Abstract
Adaptive humoral immunity to extracellular bacteria is largely mediated by antibody specific for both protein and polysaccharide antigens. Proteins and polysaccharides are biochemically distinct, and as a result are processed differently by the immune system, leading to different mechanistic pathways for eventual elicitation of specific Ig isotypes. Much of our current knowledge concerning the parameters underlying anti-protein and anti-polysaccharide Ig responses have come from studies using soluble, purified antigens. However, the lessons learned from these studies are not entirely applicable to the mechanisms underlying physiologic anti-protein and anti-polysaccharide Ig responses to intact bacteria. Specifically, unlike isolated, soluble antigens, intact bacteria are complex particulate immunogens in which multiple protein and polysaccharide antigens, and bacterial adjuvants (e.g. Toll-like receptor ligands) are co-expressed, indeed often physically linked. In this review, data from a series of recent studies are discussed in which heat-killed, intact Streptococcus pneumoniae was used as an immunogen to study the mechanisms underlying in vivo anti-protein and antipolysaccharide Ig isotype induction. An unexpected role for CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells for induction of IgG antipolysaccharide responses by intact bacteria is discussed, and shown to have distinct mechanistic features from those that mediate anti-protein responses. The further role of cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and B cell receptor signaling in mediating these responses, and its implications for the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal, polysaccharide-based vaccines, is also discussed.
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, immunoglobulin isotypes, murine, T cells, dendritic cells, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, vaccines
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title: Differential Regulation of Protein- and Polysaccharide-Specific Ig Isotype Production In Vivo in Response to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae
Volume: 7 Issue: 4
Author(s): Clifford M. Snapper
Affiliation:
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, immunoglobulin isotypes, murine, T cells, dendritic cells, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, vaccines
Abstract: Adaptive humoral immunity to extracellular bacteria is largely mediated by antibody specific for both protein and polysaccharide antigens. Proteins and polysaccharides are biochemically distinct, and as a result are processed differently by the immune system, leading to different mechanistic pathways for eventual elicitation of specific Ig isotypes. Much of our current knowledge concerning the parameters underlying anti-protein and anti-polysaccharide Ig responses have come from studies using soluble, purified antigens. However, the lessons learned from these studies are not entirely applicable to the mechanisms underlying physiologic anti-protein and anti-polysaccharide Ig responses to intact bacteria. Specifically, unlike isolated, soluble antigens, intact bacteria are complex particulate immunogens in which multiple protein and polysaccharide antigens, and bacterial adjuvants (e.g. Toll-like receptor ligands) are co-expressed, indeed often physically linked. In this review, data from a series of recent studies are discussed in which heat-killed, intact Streptococcus pneumoniae was used as an immunogen to study the mechanisms underlying in vivo anti-protein and antipolysaccharide Ig isotype induction. An unexpected role for CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells for induction of IgG antipolysaccharide responses by intact bacteria is discussed, and shown to have distinct mechanistic features from those that mediate anti-protein responses. The further role of cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and B cell receptor signaling in mediating these responses, and its implications for the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal, polysaccharide-based vaccines, is also discussed.
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Cite this article as:
M. Snapper Clifford, Differential Regulation of Protein- and Polysaccharide-Specific Ig Isotype Production In Vivo in Response to Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2006; 7 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920306778017972
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920306778017972 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
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