Abstract
In the last two decades or so the intramuscular administration of botulinum toxin type A, and more recently type B, has become an established first line treatment of many neurological and other medical disorders. So far, the toxin has been used mainly by experienced researchers and clinicians with extensive knowledge of its mode of action and potential adverse effects. However, in the foreseeable future it is likely that this treatment will be provided by more medical practitioners and in different clinical settings, especially as the range of its clinical indications increases. Botulinum toxin, in therapeutic doses, is a remarkably safe drug with relatively few adverse effects. The commonest adverse effects are muscle weakness, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, a dry mouth, dizziness and a skin rash. Nonetheless, serious adverse events may occur, albeit rarely, and it is imperative that prescribers of this treatment are thoroughly familiar with its potential risks. The purpose of this article is to review the possible adverse effects of botulinum toxin intramuscular injections, to describe the factors that might predispose to them and to summarise the strategies for their prevention and treatment.
Keywords: Botulinum toxin., adverse events, drug safety
Current Drug Safety
Title: The Possible Adverse Effects of Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin Injections and their Management
Volume: 1 Issue: 3
Author(s): A. Magid O. Bakheit
Affiliation:
Keywords: Botulinum toxin., adverse events, drug safety
Abstract: In the last two decades or so the intramuscular administration of botulinum toxin type A, and more recently type B, has become an established first line treatment of many neurological and other medical disorders. So far, the toxin has been used mainly by experienced researchers and clinicians with extensive knowledge of its mode of action and potential adverse effects. However, in the foreseeable future it is likely that this treatment will be provided by more medical practitioners and in different clinical settings, especially as the range of its clinical indications increases. Botulinum toxin, in therapeutic doses, is a remarkably safe drug with relatively few adverse effects. The commonest adverse effects are muscle weakness, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, a dry mouth, dizziness and a skin rash. Nonetheless, serious adverse events may occur, albeit rarely, and it is imperative that prescribers of this treatment are thoroughly familiar with its potential risks. The purpose of this article is to review the possible adverse effects of botulinum toxin intramuscular injections, to describe the factors that might predispose to them and to summarise the strategies for their prevention and treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bakheit O. A. Magid, The Possible Adverse Effects of Intramuscular Botulinum Toxin Injections and their Management, Current Drug Safety 2006; 1 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488606777934431
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488606777934431 |
Print ISSN 1574-8863 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3911 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Contribution of Catecholamine Reactive Intermediates and Oxidative Stress to the Pathologic Features of Heart Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Patient-Controlled Analgesia
Current Drug Targets New Biological Approaches in Asthma: DNA-Based Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiology of Blood-Brain Barrier in Brain Injury in Cold and Hot Environments: Novel Drug Targets for Neuroprotection
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Is There a Place for Off-Label Pharmacotherapy in Cannabis Use Disorder? A Review on Efficacy and Safety
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nitric Oxide-Derived Oxidants with a Focus on Peroxynitrite: Molecular Targets,Cellular Responses and Therapeutic Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic: Applications of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Pharmacology and Therapy: An Update (Executive Editor: Agostino Molteni)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and RIC-3 in the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Snake Venom Phospholipases A2: A Novel Tool Against Bacterial Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Influence of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture (TLP) on Outcome of Pediatric Patients
Current Pediatric Reviews The Role of P-Glycoprotein in Psychiatric Disorders: A Reliable Guard of the Brain?
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chalcones as Versatile Synthons for the Synthesis of 5- and 6-membered Nitrogen Heterocycles
Current Organic Chemistry Is Combination Therapy of Atosiban and Nifedipine More Effective in Preterm Labor than Each Drug Alone? A Prospective Study
Current Women`s Health Reviews Use and Safety of Calcium Channel Blockers in Obstetrics
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis
Current Drug Safety Therapeutic Hypothermia in Brain Injuries and Related Diseases
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part I: Principles of Functional Organisation
Current Neuropharmacology Serotonin-2 Receptor Agonists as Novel Ocular Hypotensive Agents and their Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Action: Novel Drug Targets for Glaucoma Treatment
Current Drug Targets Hemopressin Peptides as Modulators of the Endocannabinoid System and their Potential Applications as Therapeutic Tools
Protein & Peptide Letters Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Cardioprotection in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Cardiology Reviews