Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are PPARγ ligands and the newest class of agents in routine clinical practice for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. The prime reason for treating hyperglycemia and related aspects of the metabolic syndrome is to prevent accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. The formation and subsequent rupture of atherosclerotic "plaques", establishes CVD as the major cause of premature mortality in diabetes. Metabolically, TZDs act as insulin sensitizers resulting in improved glucose uptake, lower blood glucose and reduced hyperinsulinemia, however, they also appear to have beneficial direct vascular actions. TZDs have a range of actions directly on vascular cells and the predominance of the reported actions is potentially beneficial. TZDs inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and modify the structure of vascular proteoglycans in a manner that results in reduced lipid binding. These actions manifest as reduced lipid deposition in the vessels of animals with experimental diabetes and atherosclerosis. Early clinical data indicates that TZDs may prevent or delay CVD including atherosclerosis and restenosis following coronary angiography. TZDs may be the first class of oral hypoglycemic agents with significant anti-atherogenic effects to combat one of the major complications of diabetes.
Keywords: Thiazolidinediones, Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, PPARγ, Glucose, Atherosclerosis
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Clinical Thiazolidinediones as PPARγ Ligands with the Potential for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Volume: 2 Issue: 2
Author(s): Stephanie T. de Dios, Richard C. O'Brien and Peter J. Little
Affiliation:
Keywords: Thiazolidinediones, Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, PPARγ, Glucose, Atherosclerosis
Abstract: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are PPARγ ligands and the newest class of agents in routine clinical practice for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. The prime reason for treating hyperglycemia and related aspects of the metabolic syndrome is to prevent accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. The formation and subsequent rupture of atherosclerotic "plaques", establishes CVD as the major cause of premature mortality in diabetes. Metabolically, TZDs act as insulin sensitizers resulting in improved glucose uptake, lower blood glucose and reduced hyperinsulinemia, however, they also appear to have beneficial direct vascular actions. TZDs have a range of actions directly on vascular cells and the predominance of the reported actions is potentially beneficial. TZDs inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and modify the structure of vascular proteoglycans in a manner that results in reduced lipid binding. These actions manifest as reduced lipid deposition in the vessels of animals with experimental diabetes and atherosclerosis. Early clinical data indicates that TZDs may prevent or delay CVD including atherosclerosis and restenosis following coronary angiography. TZDs may be the first class of oral hypoglycemic agents with significant anti-atherogenic effects to combat one of the major complications of diabetes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
de Dios T. Stephanie, O'Brien C. Richard and Little J. Peter, Clinical Thiazolidinediones as PPARγ Ligands with the Potential for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes, Current Diabetes Reviews 2006; 2 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339906776818622
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339906776818622 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
ADP Receptors-Targets for Developing Antithrombotic Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mast Cells in Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sedation in PACU: The Role of Propofol
Current Drug Targets Potential Benefits and Limits of Psychopharmacological Therapies in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Current Clinical Pharmacology Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Vascular Perspective for Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
Current Rheumatology Reviews Antioxidants as a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Strategy for Cadmium
Current Drug Targets Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Public Health Challenges
Current Diabetes Reviews Vertical and Horizontal Convergences of Targeting Pathways in Combination Therapy with Baicalin and Jasminoidin for Cerebral Ischemia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Effects of Drugs Used in Anaesthesia on Platelet Membrane Receptors and on Platelet Function
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Recent Insights into the Role of Prostanoids in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Periodontal Bacteria Aggravate Chronic Renal Failure Induced by Subtotal Nephrectomy in Mice
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) A Hybrid Evolutionary System for Automated Artificial Neural Networks Generation and Simplification in Biomedical Applications
Current Bioinformatics New Analogues of Mycophenolic Acid
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Anti-inflammatory Glycosylated Flavonoids as Therapeutic Agents for Treatment of Diabetes-Impaired Wounds
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension: Could Hypertension Footprints be Early Biomarkers?
Current Hypertension Reviews Current Role of Proteomics in Pancreatic Cancer Biomarkers Research
Current Proteomics Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Risk: Effect of Vitamin Supplementation in Risk Reduction
Current Clinical Pharmacology ApoE4 May be a Promising Target for Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease and Alzheimer's Disease
Current Drug Targets Cardiac and Metabolic Consequences of Aerobic Exercise Training in Experimental Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews An Update on Natural Occurrence and Biological Activity of Chromones
Current Medicinal Chemistry