Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge, being activated in situations of high-energy phosphate depletion. Upon activation, AMPK functions to restore cellular ATP by modifying diverse metabolic pathways. AMPK is activated robustly by skeletal muscle contraction and myocardial ischemia, and may be involved in the stimulation of glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation produced by these stimuli. In liver, activation of AMPK results in enhanced fatty acid oxidation and in decreased production of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Recent studies have shown that AMPK is the cellular mediator for many of the metabolic effects of drugs such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, as well as the insulin sensitizing adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin. These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Keywords: AMPK, ACC, exercise, glucose transport, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Type 2 Diabetes
Volume: 13 Issue: 5
Author(s): Nicolas Musi
Affiliation:
Keywords: AMPK, ACC, exercise, glucose transport, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge, being activated in situations of high-energy phosphate depletion. Upon activation, AMPK functions to restore cellular ATP by modifying diverse metabolic pathways. AMPK is activated robustly by skeletal muscle contraction and myocardial ischemia, and may be involved in the stimulation of glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation produced by these stimuli. In liver, activation of AMPK results in enhanced fatty acid oxidation and in decreased production of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Recent studies have shown that AMPK is the cellular mediator for many of the metabolic effects of drugs such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, as well as the insulin sensitizing adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin. These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Musi Nicolas, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Type 2 Diabetes, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055724
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706776055724 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Systems Biology Approaches and Metabolomics for Understanding Japanese Traditional Kampo Medicine
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Occurrence and Clinical Impact of Microembolic Signals (MES) in Patients with Chronic Cardiac Diseases and Atheroaortic Plaques - A Systematic Review
Current Vascular Pharmacology Intensive Glucose Control in Diabetics with an Acute Myocardial Infarction Does not Improve Mortality and Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia-A Meta-Regression Analysis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Selective Divalent Copper Chelation for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Tracking Stem Cell Therapy in the Myocardium: Applications of Positron Emission Tomography
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Epidemiology and Health Effects of Tobacco Use
Current Pediatric Reviews The Role of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Cerebral Ischemia
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Triple Threat: The Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Ischemia and Heart Failure
Current Drug Targets Role of Nitrosative Stress and Peroxynitrite in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications. Emerging New Therapeutical Strategies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Caveolin-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Diverse Diseases
Current Molecular Pharmacology Metabolic Profiling in Disease Diagnosis, Toxicology and Personalized Healthcare
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Janus Face of Adenosine: Antiarrhythmic and Proarrhythmic Actions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Relaxin as a Cardiovascular Drug: A Promise Kept
Current Drug Safety Advanced Glycation and ROS: A Link between Diabetes and Heart Failure
Current Vascular Pharmacology Microbubble: A Potential Ultrasound Tool in Molecular Imaging
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Therapeutic Use of Antioxidants in Sepsis
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Gene Delivery Strategies Targeting Stable Atheromatous Plaque
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heat Shock Paradox and a New Role of Heat Shock Proteins and their Receptors as Anti-Inflammation Targets
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Targeting Potassium Channels: New Advances in Cardiovascular Therapy
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Clinical Approach to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Human Studies
Current Medicinal Chemistry