Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Nanotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2105
ISSN (Online): 2212-4020

Research Article

Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Nanocochleate Gel of Famciclovir for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster

Author(s): Abhishek Kanugo*, Ashwini Deshpande* and Rahul Sharma

Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 05 September, 2022

Page: [259 - 269] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220622115553

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Herpes zoster is a viral infection triggered due to the reactivation of the varicella- zoster virus in the posterior dorsal root ganglion. Herpes zoster infections occur mostly in the facial, cervical and thoracic regions of the body, beginning with pain and resulting in the vesicular eruption. Recently, this infection was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic and also after the induction of mRNA-based vaccine for coronavirus at an extended level. Nanocochleates are cylindrical (cigarshape) microstructure lipid-based versatile carriers for drug delivery systems. Famciclovir is an antiviral agent employed for the treatment of Herpes zoster infections.

Objective: The current research patent aims to develop a novel nanocochleate gel of Famciclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster infections with higher efficacy.

Methods: The interaction studies using FTIR were carried out and indicated no such interactions between the drug and lipids. The nanocochleates were developed using hydrogel, trapping, liposome before cochleate dialysis, direct calcium dialysis and binary aqueous-aqueous emulsion methods, respectively. The 32 Box-Behnken design was applied by considering the concentration of lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol) and speed of rotation as independent factors, whereas particle size and entrapment efficiency as dependable factors.

Results: The developed nanocochleates were estimated for the particle size (276.3 nm), zeta potential (-16.7 mV), polydispersity index (0.241), entrapment efficiency (73.87±0.19%) and in vitro diffusion release (>98.8% in 10 h). The optimized batch was further converted into the topical gel using carbopol 940 as a gelling agent. The prepared gel was smooth, rapidly spreadable with a viscosity (5998.72 cp), drug content (95.3%) and remained stable during stability studies.

Conclusion: A novel nanocochleate gel of Famciclovir was successfully developed for the treatment of infections associated with Herpes Zoster with sustained release action.

Keywords: Nanocochleates, famciclovir, herpes zoster, box-behnken design, particle size, FTIR.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Steinberg CJ, Moody AD, Yenior AL, Bertasi RAO, Kieneker L, Pujalte GGA. Disseminated herpes zoster with cauda equina symptoms. IDCases 2020; 21e00902
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00902] [PMID: 32670796]
[2]
Nakanekar A, Khobarkar P, Dhotkar S. Management of herpes zoster in Ayurveda through medicinal leeches and other composite Ayurveda Treatment. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11(3): 352-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2020.05.008] [PMID: 32798195]
[3]
Park JS, In SM, Lee K. Disseminated herpes zoster misdiagnosed as orbital complication of acute sinusitis. Otolaryngol Case Reports 2020; 17100245
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xocr.2020.100245]
[4]
Sowell J, Reynolds H, Sowell J. Hemorrhagic herpes zoster with contralateral multidermatomal distribution associated with rivaroxaban: An unusual presentation. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 9: 31-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.12.038] [PMID: 33604441]
[5]
Chen N, Gordon R, Taylor M, Aung AK, Teh BM. An unusual distribution of herpes zoster mandibularis post total parotidectomy. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 107: 298-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.008] [PMID: 33582373]
[6]
Katz J, Yue S, Xue W. Herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses in COVID-19 patients. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191(3): 1093-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02714-z]
[7]
Genovese G, Moltrasio C, Berti E, Marzano AV. Skin manifestations associated with COVID-19: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Dermatology 2021; 237(1): 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512932] [PMID: 33232965]
[8]
Maia CMF, Marques NP, de Lucena EHG, de Rezende LF, Martelli DRB, Martelli-Júnior H. Increased number of Herpes Zoster cases in Brazil related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104: 732-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.033] [PMID: 33582367]
[9]
Eid E, Abdullah L, Kurban M, Abbas O. Herpes zoster emergence following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. J Med Virol 2021; 93(9): 5231-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27036] [PMID: 33913545]
[10]
van Dam CS, Lede I, Schaar J, Al-Dulaimy M, Rösken R, Smits M. Herpes zoster after COVID vaccination. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111: 169-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.048] [PMID: 34428545]
[11]
Au VH, Kazi A, Bruha M, Weiss J. Herpes-zoster associated urinary retention in a 57-year-old immunocompromised male. Urol Case Rep 2021; 34101498
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101498] [PMID: 33294380]
[12]
Wilschut J, Papahadjopoulos D. Ca2+-induced fusion of phospholipid vesicles monitored by mixing of aqueous contents. Nature 1979; 281(5733): 690-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/281690a0] [PMID: 551288]
[13]
Ramasamy T, Khandasamy U, Hinabindhu R, Kona K. Nanocochleate - A new drug delivery system. Fabad J Pharm Sci 2009; 34(2): 91-101.
[14]
Zarif L. Elongated supramolecular assemblies in drug delivery. J Control Release 2002; 81(1-2): 7-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00010-X] [PMID: 11992674]
[15]
Khair R, Shende P, Kulkarni YA. Nanostructured polymer-based cochleates for effective transportation of insulin. J Mol Liq 2020; 311113352
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113352]
[16]
Pawar DAY. Nanocochleate: A Novel Drug Delivery System. Asian J Pharm 2016; 10(03): 234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V10I03.759]
[17]
Zarif L, Graybill JR, Perlin D, Mannino RJ. Cochleates: New lipid-based. J Liposome Res 2000; 10(4): 523-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08982100009031116]
[18]
Famciclovir: Uses, interactions, mechanism of action | DrugBank Online Available from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00426 (Accessed on Sep 1, 2021).
[19]
Li J, Meng P, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Lin Q. Famciclovir leads to failure of hematopoiesis, but may have the benefit of relieving myeloid expansion in MDS-like zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 410115334
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2020.115334] [PMID: 33207248]
[20]
Oka T, Hishizawa M, Yamashita K, Shiraki K, Takaori-Kondo A. Successful treatment with famciclovir for Varicella zoster virus infection resistant to acyclovir. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27(5): 755-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2020.12.013] [PMID: 33358593]
[21]
Shuddhodana, Wong PWK, Judeh Z. Continuous, high-throughput production of artemisinin-loaded supramolecular cochleates using simple off-the-shelf flow focusing device. Mater Sci Eng C 2020; 108110410
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110410]
[22]
Goudarzi R, Nassab ME, Dehpour AR, Partoazar A. Nanocochleate Formulation and method of preparing nanocochleates. U.S. Patent, 2021/0015749 A1 2021.
[23]
Pawar A, Bothiraja C, Shaikh K, Mali A. An insight into cochleates, a potential drug delivery system. RSC Advances 2015; 5(99): 81188-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA08550K]
[24]
Tilawat M, Bonde S. Nanocochleates: A potential drug delivery system. J Mol Liq 2021; 334116115
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116115]
[25]
Gould-fogerite IS, Mannino RJUS. U. S. Patent 9,259,392 B2, 2016.
[26]
Shende P, Khair R, Gaud RS. Nanostructured cochleates: A multi-layered platform for cellular transportation of therapeutics. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45(6): 869-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1583757] [PMID: 30767577]
[27]
Jin T, Zarif L, Mannino R. Nanocochleate formulations, process of preparation and method of delivery of pharmaceutical agents. U. S. Patent, 6,153,217 2000.
[28]
Lipa-Castro A, Nicolas V, Angelova A, et al. Cochleate formulations of Amphotericin b designed for oral administration using a naturally occurring phospholipid. Int J Pharm 2021; 603120688
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120688] [PMID: 33965540]
[29]
Nadaf SJ, Killedar SG. Curcumin nanocochleates: Use of design of experiments, solid state characterization, in vitro apoptosis and cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018; 47: 337-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.026]
[30]
Çoban Ö. Değim Z. Development of nanocochleates containing erlotinib HCL and dexketoprofen trometamol and evaluation of in vitro characteristic properties. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15(1): 16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjps.83803]
[31]
Khan MA, Pandit J, Sultana Y, et al. Novel carbopol-based transfersomal gel of 5-fluorouracil for skin cancer treatment: In vitro characterization and in vivo study. Drug Deliv 2015; 22(6): 795-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.902146] [PMID: 24735246]
[32]
Shanmugam T, Joshi N, Ahamad N, Deshmukh A, Banerjee R. Enhanced absorption, and efficacy of oral self-assembled paclitaxel nanocochleates in multi-drug resistant colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 586119482
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119482] [PMID: 32492505]
[33]
Ding W, Li Y, Hou X, Li G. Bleomycin A6-loaded anionic liposomes with in situ gel as a new antitumoral drug delivery system. Drug Deliv 2016; 23(1): 88-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.905651] [PMID: 24845479]
[34]
Mannino RJ, Gould-Fogerite S, Delmare D. Encochleation methods, cochleates and method of use. U.S Patent, 9,974,745 B2, 2018.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy