Anti-inflammatory Effect of Predimenol, A Bioactive Extract from Phaleria macrocarpa, through the Suppression of NF-κB and COX-2

Title:Anti-inflammatory Effect of Predimenol, A Bioactive Extract from Phaleria macrocarpa, through the Suppression of NF-κB and COX-2

Volume: 15 Issue: 2

Author(s): Yurike Yuliana, Olivia M. Tandrasasmita and Raymond R. Tjandrawinata*

Affiliation:

• Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Banten 15224, Indonesia
• Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Predimenol, DLBS1442, anti-inflammatory, eicosanoid pathway, Phaleria macrocarpa, COX-2 inhibitor.

Abstract:

Background: Inflammation is the response to the reaction of any type of bodily injury by elevating cellular metabolism and releasing soluble mediators. It is also a contributing factor of pain. Predimenol, which has previously been known as DLBS1442, is a bioactive extract from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae). It can be an alternative treatment for pain relief, especially for long-term use.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of predimenol through the evaluation of several parameters involved in the inflammatory pathway.

Methods: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were observed after 24 h exposure of predimenol (0-180 μg/mL) to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cell. The inflammatory markers were measured using nitric oxide (NO) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for COX-2 inhibitor assay. The gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 were quantified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Western blotting was applied to detect phosphorylated IκB kinase (IKK) protein to confirm the activation of NF-κB.

Results: Our study showed a similar mechanism with most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Predimenol consistently downregulated the expression of iNOS and inhibited COX-2 activity. Moreover, predimenol significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6. Down-regulation of these markers was suggested due to the reduction of NF- κB transcription level and activation by predimenol.

Conclusion: Predimenol exhibits anti-inflammatory activities through NF-kB inactivation-mediated COX-2 suppression, which may suggest that predimenol is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Cite this article as:

Yuliana Yurike, Tandrasasmita M. Olivia and Tjandrawinata R. Raymond*, Anti-inflammatory Effect of Predimenol, A Bioactive Extract from Phaleria macrocarpa, through the Suppression of NF-κB and COX-2, Recent Advances in Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 2021; 15 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2772270816666220119122259