Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia across the world. While its discovery and pathological manifestations are centered on protein aggregations of amyloid- beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation has emerged in the last decade as a main component of the disease in terms of both pathogenesis and progression. As the main innate immune cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia play a very important role in regulating neuroinflammation, which occurs commonly in neurodegenerative conditions, including AD. Under inflammatory response, microglia undergo morphological changes and status transition from homeostatic to activated forms. Different microglia subtypes displaying distinct genetic profiles have been identified in AD, and these signatures often link to AD risk genes identified from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, many AD risk genes are highly enriched in microglia and specifically influence the functions of microglia in pathogenesis, e.g. releasing inflammatory cytokines and clearing Aβ. Therefore, building up a landscape of these risk genes in microglia, based on current preclinical studies and in the context of their pathogenic or protective effects, would largely help us to understand the complex etiology of AD and provide new insight into the unmet need for effective treatment.
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, microglia, neuroinflammation, AD risk genes, APOE, GWAS.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Microglia and its Genetics in Alzheimer's Disease
Volume: 18 Issue: 9
Author(s): Xinyan Liang , Haijian Wu, Mark Colt , Xinying Guo, Brock Pluimer , Jianxiong Zeng, Shupeng Dong and Zhen Zhao*
Affiliation:
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033,United States
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, microglia, neuroinflammation, AD risk genes, APOE, GWAS.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia across the world. While its discovery and pathological manifestations are centered on protein aggregations of amyloid- beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation has emerged in the last decade as a main component of the disease in terms of both pathogenesis and progression. As the main innate immune cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia play a very important role in regulating neuroinflammation, which occurs commonly in neurodegenerative conditions, including AD. Under inflammatory response, microglia undergo morphological changes and status transition from homeostatic to activated forms. Different microglia subtypes displaying distinct genetic profiles have been identified in AD, and these signatures often link to AD risk genes identified from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), such as APOE and TREM2. Furthermore, many AD risk genes are highly enriched in microglia and specifically influence the functions of microglia in pathogenesis, e.g. releasing inflammatory cytokines and clearing Aβ. Therefore, building up a landscape of these risk genes in microglia, based on current preclinical studies and in the context of their pathogenic or protective effects, would largely help us to understand the complex etiology of AD and provide new insight into the unmet need for effective treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Liang Xinyan, Wu Haijian , Colt Mark , Guo Xinying, Pluimer Brock , Zeng Jianxiong, Dong Shupeng and Zhao Zhen *, Microglia and its Genetics in Alzheimer's Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2021; 18 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205018666211105140732
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205018666211105140732 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
GABAA Receptor Specific Pyrazolopyrimidines as Potential Imaging Agents: In Vivo Characteristics of a New 18F-labelled Indiplon Derivative
Current Radiopharmaceuticals VEGF Signaling Regulates Cofilin and the Arp2/3-complex within the Axonal Growth Cone
Current Neurovascular Research Towards Retinoid Therapy for Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Autophagy and Cell Death in Caenorhabditis elegans
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents on Biomarkers for AKI
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Immunomodulatory Properties of Antibiotics
Current Molecular Pharmacology A Genetic Dissection of Antipsychotic Induced Movement Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Attenuating Muscle Wasting: Cell and Gene Therapy Approaches
Current Genomics Patent Annotations
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Dual Effects of Antioxidants in Neurodegeneration: Direct Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress and Indirect Protection via Suppression of Gliamediated Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mini-Review: Nucleus-Targeted Ribonucleases As Antitumor Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry State Dissociation, Human Behavior, and Consciousness
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Structure-Activity Relationships of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot topic: New Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Executive Editor: Aleksey G. Kazantsev)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondrial Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and its Role in Aerobic Life
Current Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Current Strategies to Counteract Sarcopenia
Current Aging Science Parkinson Disease Genetics: A "Continuum" from Mendelian to Multifactorial Inheritance
Current Molecular Medicine Myostatin in the Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle
Current Genomics Insect Peptides – Perspectives in Human Diseases Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: Regulation of Glutamate Synthesis Via Inhibition of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (GCPII): An Effective Method to Treat Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders (Guest Editors: Guido Cavaletti and Barbara Slusher)]
Current Medicinal Chemistry