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Current Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

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Review Article

Drug Treatment of Epilepsy: From Serendipitous Discovery to Evolutionary Mechanisms

Author(s): Shengying Lou and Sunliang Cui*

Volume 29, Issue 19, 2022

Published on: 10 January, 2022

Page: [3366 - 3391] Pages: 26

DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210910124727

Price: $65

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by the abnormal firing of neurons. Up to now, the use of antiepileptic drugs is the main method of epilepsy treatment. The development of antiepileptic drugs lasted for centuries. In general, most agents entering clinical practice act on the balance mechanisms of brain “excitability-inhibition”. More specifically, they target voltage-gated ion channels, GABAergic transmission and glutamatergic transmission. In recent years, some novel drugs representing new mechanisms of action have been discovered. Although there are about 30 available drugs in the market, it is still in urgent need of discovering more effective and safer drugs. The development of new antiepileptic drugs is into a new era: from serendipitous discovery to evolutionary mechanism-based design. This article presents an overview of drug treatment of epilepsy, including a series of traditional and novel drugs.

Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs, mechanism of action, voltage-gated ion channels, glutamate, GABA, synaptic vesicles.

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