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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Review Article

Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and Management of Parkinson’s Disease

Author(s): Rahul and Yasir Siddique*

Volume 21, Issue 7, 2022

Published on: 07 December, 2021

Page: [574 - 595] Pages: 22

DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903101841

Price: $65

Abstract

In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects and molecular pathways behind Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants (neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins) cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers is required.

Keywords: Neurodegenerative diseases, α-Synuclein, Parkinson’s disease, dopamine, prognostic, therapeutic strategy.

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