Abstract
Aims: Despite the established link between familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), its association with other common atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [i.e., common carotid artery disease (CCAD) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)], aortic valve stenosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with FH.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study retrieving data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH).
Results: A total of 1,633 adult patients (850 males) with heterozygous FH (HeFH) were included (mean age 51.3±14.6 years at registration and 44.3±15.9 years at diagnosis). Any common carotid artery stenosis (CCAS) was diagnosed in 124 out of 569 patients with available related data (21.8%), while the prevalence of CCAD (defined as a CCAS ≥50%) was 4.2%. The median (interquartile range - IQR) CCAS was 30% (20-40), whereas the median (IQR) carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was 0.7 (0.1-1.4) mm. LEAD was reported in 44 patients (prevalence 2.7%). The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis and CKD was 2.0% and 6.4%, respectively. NAFLD was present in 24% of study participants.
Conclusion: HeFH is associated with a relatively high prevalence of any CCAS and CCAD. The prevalence of LEAD, CKD and aortic valve stenosis was relatively low, whereas the prevalence of NAFLD was similar to that of the general population.
Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia, HELLAS-FH, carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, peripheral arterial disease, lower extremity arterial disease, aortic stenosis.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Prevalence of Non-coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the HELLAS-FH
Volume: 27 Issue: 21
Author(s): Panagiotis Anagnostis, Christos V. Rizos, Ioannis Skoumas, Loukianos Rallidis, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Emmanuel Skalidis, Vasileios Kotsis, Michalis Doumas, Genovefa Kolovou, George Sfikas, Eleni Bilianou, Iosif Koutagiar, Dimitrios Agapakis, Evangelos Zacharis, Christina Antza, Charalambos Koumaras, Chrysoula Boutari, George Liamis and Evangelos N. Liberopoulos*
Affiliation:
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina,Greece
Keywords: Familial hypercholesterolemia, HELLAS-FH, carotid artery disease, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, peripheral arterial disease, lower extremity arterial disease, aortic stenosis.
Abstract:
Aims: Despite the established link between familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), its association with other common atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [i.e., common carotid artery disease (CCAD) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)], aortic valve stenosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with FH.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study retrieving data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH).
Results: A total of 1,633 adult patients (850 males) with heterozygous FH (HeFH) were included (mean age 51.3±14.6 years at registration and 44.3±15.9 years at diagnosis). Any common carotid artery stenosis (CCAS) was diagnosed in 124 out of 569 patients with available related data (21.8%), while the prevalence of CCAD (defined as a CCAS ≥50%) was 4.2%. The median (interquartile range - IQR) CCAS was 30% (20-40), whereas the median (IQR) carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was 0.7 (0.1-1.4) mm. LEAD was reported in 44 patients (prevalence 2.7%). The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis and CKD was 2.0% and 6.4%, respectively. NAFLD was present in 24% of study participants.
Conclusion: HeFH is associated with a relatively high prevalence of any CCAS and CCAD. The prevalence of LEAD, CKD and aortic valve stenosis was relatively low, whereas the prevalence of NAFLD was similar to that of the general population.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Anagnostis Panagiotis , Rizos V. Christos , Skoumas Ioannis , Rallidis Loukianos, Tziomalos Konstantinos , Skalidis Emmanuel, Kotsis Vasileios , Doumas Michalis, Kolovou Genovefa , Sfikas George , Bilianou Eleni, Koutagiar Iosif , Agapakis Dimitrios , Zacharis Evangelos, Antza Christina , Koumaras Charalambos , Boutari Chrysoula, Liamis George and Liberopoulos N. Evangelos*, Prevalence of Non-coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the HELLAS-FH, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2021; 27 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210216151645
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210216151645 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Thromboembolic
Pulmonary Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design Assessment of Possible Drug Interactions in Patients with Psoriasis and Associated Comorbid Medical Conditions: An Observational Study
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Multimodalities Imaging of Immunoglobulin 4-related Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Cardiology Reviews Resveratrol Improves Cardiovascular Function in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Material Couture for Wound Healing and Regeneration: an Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Stress Repair Mechanism That Maintains Vertebrate Structure During Stress
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: 10 Key Lessons
Current Cardiology Reviews Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in HIV-Infected Patients: A Multicenter Case Control Study
Current HIV Research A Multidisciplinary Atrial Fibrillation Clinic
Current Cardiology Reviews Management and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Acute Management of Pediatric Heart Failure
Current Cardiology Reviews Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) A Review of Clinical Management and Laboratory Issues
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial (Hot Topic:Current Situation at Perioperative of Cardiovascular Disease Patients: New Addressing and Perioperative Optimization Techniques)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coronary Risk Assessment and Management Options in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Prior to Kidney Transplantation
Current Cardiology Reviews Bio-inspired Biomaterials and their Drug Delivery Perspectives - A Review
Current Drug Metabolism Is Atherothromboaspiration a Possible Solution for the Prevention of No-Reflow Phenomenon in Acute Coronary Syndromes? Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
Current Vascular Pharmacology MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Birth Defects
MicroRNA Left Atrial Appendage Closure -The WATCHMAN Device
Current Cardiology Reviews Internal Jugular Vein Valve Morphology in the Patients with Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI); Angiographic Findings and Schematic Demonstrations
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials