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Current Diabetes Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

Review Article

Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches for Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Author(s): Siska Darmayanti, Ronny Lesmana*, Anna Meiliana and Rizky Abdulah

Volume 17, Issue 6, 2021

Published on: 01 January, 2021

Article ID: e123120189796 Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210101105253

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: There is a continuous rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide and most patients are unaware of the presence of this chronic disease at the early stages. T2DM is associated with complications related to long-term damage and failure of multiple organ systems caused by vascular changes associated with glycated end products, oxidative stress, mild inflammation, and neovascularization. Among the most frequent complications of T2DM observed in about 20-40% of T2DM patients is diabetes nephropathy (DN).

Methods: A literature search was made in view of highlighting the novel applications of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, as the new prospective strategy for predicting DN in T2DM patients.

Results: The complexity of DN requires a comprehensive and unbiased approach to investigate the main causes of disease and identify the most important mechanisms underlying its development. With the help of evolving throughput technology, rapidly evolving information can now be applied to clinical practice.

Discussion: DN is also the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and comorbidity independent of T2DM. In terms of the comorbidity level, DN has many phenotypes; therefore, timely diagnosis is required to prevent these complications. Currently, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are gold standards for assessing glomerular damage and changes in renal function. However, GFR estimation based on creatinine is limited to hyperfiltration status; therefore, this makes albuminuria and eGFR indicators less reliable for early-stage diagnosis of DN.

Conclusion: The combination of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics assays as suitable biological systems can provide new and deeper insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes, as well as discover prospects for developing suitable and targeted interventions.

Keywords: Diabetes, diabetes nephropathy, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, system biology.

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