Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Meta-Analysis

Effects of Probiotic Preparations on Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author(s): Ting Liu, Xiaoxia Wang, Rui Li, Zi Yuan Zhang, Jingai Fang and Xiaodong Zhang*

Volume 22, Issue 10, 2021

Published on: 19 November, 2020

Page: [1338 - 1349] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201119124058

open access plus

Abstract

Objective: To summarize and assess the effects of probiotic preparations on inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

Methods: We searched through the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Wan Fang databases for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that report the impact of probiotic preparations on inflammatory cytokines in CKD patients. Outcomes were composed of serum levels of CReactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, Para-Cresol Sulfate (PCS), and Indoxyl-Sulfate (IS). The Mean Differences (MDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were considered as effect estimates. Sensitivity analysis and Egger’s linear regression test were performed to evaluate the stability of results and publication bias. This study was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020176557.

Results and Discussion: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence showed that serum CRP levels were decreased in the intervention group (WMD, -12.29, 95% CI, -16.41 to -8.16, p = 0). The IL-6 was significantly reduced only in the prebiotic group (SMD, -0.73, 95% CI, -1.3 to -0.16, p = 0.012). However, no reduction was observed in TNF-α (SMD, -0.07, 95% CI, -0.51 to 0.38, p = 0.772). Moreover, there was no significant change in serum uremic toxin, including creatine, urea, uric acid, PCS, and IS.

Conclusion: Probiotic preparations decrease the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in CKD patients but do not affect the serum uremic toxin levels. The results of this meta-analysis suggest essential guidance for treatment decisions in clinical practice.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, inflammatory cytokine, uremic toxin, probiotic preparation, systematic review, meta-analysis.

Graphical Abstract

© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy