Combination of Copper Ions and Nucleotide Generates Aggregates from Prion Protein Fragments in the N-Terminal Domain

Noriyuki       Shiraishi; Yoshiaki      Hirano
Abstract

Background: It has been previously found that PrP_23-98, which contains four highly conserved octarepeats (residues 60-91) and one partial repeat (residues 92-96), polymerizes into amyloid-like and proteinase K-resistant spherical aggregates in the presence of NADPH plus copper ions.
Objective: We aimed to determine the requirements for the formation of these aggregates.
Methods: In this study, we performed an aggregation experiment using N-acetylated and Camidated PrP fragments of the N-terminal domain, Octa1, Octa2, Octa3, Octa4, PrP₈₄₋₁₁₄, and PrP₇₆₋₁₁₄, in the presence of NADPH with copper ions, and focused on the effect of the number of copper-binding sites on aggregation.
Results: Among these PrP fragments, Octa4, containing four copper-binding sites, was particularly effective in forming aggregates. We also tested the effect of other pyridine nucleotides and adenine nucleotides on the aggregation of Octa4. ATP was equally effective, but NADH, NADP, ADP, and AMP had no effect.
Conclusion: The phosphate group on the adenine-linked ribose moiety of adenine nucleotides and pyridine nucleotides is presumed to be essential for the observed effect on aggregation. Efficient aggregation requires the presence of the four octarepeats. These insights may be helpful in the eventual development of therapeutic agents against prion-related disorders.
Keywords: PrP fragment, Octa4, aggregation, adenine nucleotide, pyridine nucleotide, copper ion.
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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866527666200225124829	Print ISSN 0929-8665
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-5305
Protein & Peptide Letters

Combination of Copper Ions and Nucleotide Generates Aggregates from Prion Protein Fragments in the N-Terminal Domain

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