Generic placeholder image

Current Diabetes Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

Systematic Review Article

Effect of Adding Proprioceptive Exercise to Balance Training in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Author(s): Ayman A. Mohamed* and Yih-Kuen Jan

Volume 16, Issue 4, 2020

Page: [327 - 339] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190712200147

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: Accidental fall is a serious problem in older adults. The incidence of accidental fall increases by any dysfunction in the proprioceptive system. The function of the proprioceptive system usually is much affected in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly in older ages. However, proprioceptive exercise significantly improves the balance control in older adults, no systematic review demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the balance control in older adults with DM. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of adding proprioceptive exercise to any balance training in older adults with DM.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in five major databases. The inclusion criteria of this search included older adults with DM, peripheral neuropathy, randomized control trial, and proprioceptive dysfunction. The exclusion criterion of this search included any study where participants had a history of a disease that might affect the balance control such as ataxia, stroke, and Parkinsonism. The outcome of interest was the importance of including proprioceptive exercise in increasing the effectiveness of balance training in older adults with DM.

Results: Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Seven studies of these nine studies included randomization details. Only two studies included the blindness, and only one of them included double blindness. The description of the withdrawal of participants was shown in eight studies. All the included studies used a control group and accomplished the homogeny between subjects in the both groups.

Conclusion: This systematic review showed that proprioceptive exercise is a vital component that should be included in any balance training to gain short-term improvement in the balance control in older adults with DM.

Keywords: Balance training, diabetes, affects, proprioceptive exercise, older adults, short-term.

[1]
WHO | Falls Fact sheet [Internet] WHO World Health Organization. 2016.
[2]
Grundstrom AC, Guse CE, Layde PM. Risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 85 years of age and older. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54(3): 421-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.06.008] [PMID: 21862143]
[3]
Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Aging effects on joint proprioception: the role of physical activity in proprioception preservation. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2007; 4(2): 71-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11556-007-0026-x]
[4]
Yakaryılmaz FD, Öztürk ZA. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly. World J Diabetes 2017; 8(6): 278-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v8.i6.278] [PMID: 28694928]
[5]
Chentli F, Azzoug S, Mahgoun S. Diabetes mellitus in elderly. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19(6): 744-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.167553] [PMID: 26693423]
[6]
Selvin E, Parrinello CM. Age-related differences in glycaemic control in diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56(12): 2549-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-3078-7] [PMID: 24092493]
[7]
Finelli C, Sommella L, Gioia S, La Sala N, Tarantino G. Should visceral fat be reduced to increase longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12(4): 996-1004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2013.05.007] [PMID: 23764746]
[8]
Morrison S, Simmons R, Colberg SR, Parson HK, Vinik AI. Supervised balance training and wii fit-based exercises lower falls risk in older adults with type 2 diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19(2): 185.e7-185.e13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.004] [PMID: 29289541]
[9]
Vinik AI, Strotmeyer ES, Nakave AA, Patel CV. Diabetic neuropathy in older adultsClin Geriatr Med 2008; 24(3): 407-435, v..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2008.03.011] [PMID: 18672180]
[10]
Ettinger LR, Boucher A, Simonovich E. Patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrate proprioceptive deficit in the knee. World J Diabetes 2018; 9(3): 59-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v9.i3.59] [PMID: 29607003]
[11]
Zwergal A, Linn J, Xiong G, Brandt T, Strupp M, Jahn K. Aging of human supraspinal locomotor and postural control in fMRI. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33(6): 1073-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.022] [PMID: 21051105]
[12]
Muir JW, Kiel DP, Hannan M, Magaziner J, Rubin CT. Dynamic parameters of balance which correlate to elderly persons with a history of falls 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070566]
[13]
Horak FB, Horak FB. Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls?Age Ageing 2006; 35(suppl_2): ii7-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl077]
[14]
Bekkers EMJ, Dockx K, Heremans E, et al. The contribution of proprioceptive information to postural control in elderly and patients with Parkinson’s disease with a history of falls. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8: 939.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00939] [PMID: 25505395]
[15]
Park S, Toole T, Lee S. Functional roles of the proprioceptive system in the control of goal-directed movement. Percept Mot Skills 1999; 88(2): 631-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.2.631] [PMID: 10483656]
[16]
Pan X, Bai J. Balance training in the intervention of fall risk in elderly with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review. Int J Nurs Sci 2014; 1(4): 441-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.09.001]
[17]
Ites KI, Anderson EJ, Cahill ML, Kearney JA, Post EC, Gilchrist LS. Balance interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2011; 34(3): 109-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e318212659a] [PMID: 21937901]
[18]
El-Khoury F, Cassou B, Charles M-A, Dargent-Molina P. The effect of fall prevention exercise programmes on fall induced injuries in community dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013; 347: f6234.
[PMID: 24169944]
[19]
Eldadah BA. Fatigue and fatigability in older adults. PM R 2010; 2(5): 406-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.03.022] [PMID: 20656622]
[20]
Tak ECPM, van Uffelen JGZ, Paw MJMCA, van Mechelen W, Hopman-Rock M. Adherence to exercise programs and determinants of maintenance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. J Aging Phys Act 2012; 20(1): 32-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.20.1.32] [PMID: 21945922]
[21]
Field DA, Miller WC, Ryan SE, Jarus T, Abundo A. Measuring participation for children and youth with power mobility needs: A systematic review of potential health measurement tools. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97(3): 462-477.e40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.08.428] [PMID: 26365129]
[22]
Stathokostas L, Mcdonald MW, Little RMD, Paterson DH. Clinical study flexibility of older adults aged 55 – 86 years and the influence of physical activity. J Aging Res 2013; 2013: 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743843]
[23]
Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Holodniy M, Owens DK. Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients older than 55 years of age. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148(12): 889-903.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00002] [PMID: 18559840]
[24]
Bensenor IM, Olmos RD, Lotufo PA. Hypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging 2012; 7: 97-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S23966] [PMID: 22573936]
[25]
Keller K, Engelhardt M. Strength and muscle mass loss with aging process. Age and strength loss. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2014; 3(4): 346-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.32098/mltj.04.2013.17] [PMID: 24596700]
[26]
Deschenes MR. Effects of aging on muscle fibre type and size. Sports Med 2004; 34(12): 809-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434120-00002] [PMID: 15462613]
[27]
Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996; 17(1): 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4] [PMID: 8721797]
[28]
Alshammari FS, Petrofsky JS, Daher N, Alzoghbieh ES, Dehom SO, Laymon MS. Tactile intervention as a novel technique in improving body stability in healthy elderly and elderly with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16(12): 822-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2014.0183] [PMID: 25299792]
[29]
Song CH, Petrofsky JS, Lee SW, Lee KJ, Yim JE. Effects of an exercise program on balance and trunk proprioception in older adults with diabetic neuropathies. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13(8): 803-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2011.0036] [PMID: 21561371]
[30]
Eftekhar-Sadat B, Azizi R, Aliasgharzadeh A, Toopchizadeh V, Ghojazadeh M. Effect of balance training with Biodex Stability System on balance in diabetic neuropathy. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6(5): 233-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018815595566] [PMID: 26445646]
[31]
Najafi B, Crews RT, Wrobel JS. A novel plantar stimulation technology for improving protective sensation and postural control in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blinded, randomized study. Gerontology 2013; 59(5): 473-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000352072] [PMID: 23860103]
[32]
Chatchawan U, Eungpinichpong W, Plandee P, Yamauchi J. Effects of thai foot massage on balance performance in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy: a randomized parallel-controlled trial. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21: 68-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSMBR.894163] [PMID: 25892354]
[33]
Lee K, Lee S, Song C. Whole-body vibration training improves balance, muscle strength and glycosylated hemoglobin in elderly patients with diabetic neuropathy. Tohoku J Exp Med 2013; 231(4): 305-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.231.305] [PMID: 24334483]
[34]
Allet L, Armand S, de Bie RA, et al. The gait and balance of patients with diabetes can be improved: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2010; 53(3): 458-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-009-1592-4] [PMID: 19921145]
[35]
Grewal GS, Schwenk M, Lee-Eng J, et al. Sensor-based interactive balance training with visual joint movement feedback for improving postural stability in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Gerontology 2015; 61(6): 567-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000371846] [PMID: 25721132]
[36]
Allet L, Armand S, Aminian K, et al. An exercise intervention to improve diabetic patients’ gait in a real-life environment. Gait Posture 2010; 32(2): 185-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.04.013] [PMID: 20471273]
[37]
O’Brien T, Karem J. An initial evaluation of a proof-of-concept 128-Hz electronic tuning fork in the detection of peripheral neuropathy. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2014; 104(2): 134-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.2.134] [PMID: 24725032]
[38]
van Deursen RWM, Sanchez MM, Derr JA, Becker MB, Ulbrecht JS, Cavanagh PR. Vibration perception threshold testing in patients with diabetic neuropathy: ceiling effects and reliability. Diabet Med 2001; 18(6): 469-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00503.x] [PMID: 11472466]
[39]
Weerakkody NS, Blouin JS, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. Local subcutaneous and muscle pain impairs detection of passive movements at the human thumb. J Physiol 2008; 586(13): 3183-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2008.152942] [PMID: 18467366]
[40]
Lephart SM, Myers JB, Bradley JP, Fu FH. Shoulder proprioception and function following thermal capsulorraphy. Arthroscopy 2002; 18(7): 770-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jars.2002.32843] [PMID: 12209436]
[41]
Waddington G, Adams R. Discrimination of active plantarflexion and inversion movements after ankle injury. Aust J Physiother 1999; 45(1): 7-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60335-4] [PMID: 11676748]
[42]
Refshauge KM, Chan R, Taylor JL, McCloskey DI. Detection of movements imposed on human hip, knee, ankle and toe joints. J Physiol 1995; 488(Pt 1): 231-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020961] [PMID: 8568659]
[43]
Cordo PJ, Horn J-L, Künster D, Cherry A, Bratt A, Gurfinkel V. Contributions of skin and muscle afferent input to movement sense in the human hand. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105(4): 1879-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00201.2010] [PMID: 21307315]
[44]
Goble DJ. Proprioceptive acuity assessment via joint position matching: from basic science to general practice. Phys Ther 2010; 90(8): 1176-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090399] [PMID: 20522675]
[45]
Han J, Waddington G, Adams R, Anson J, Liu Y. Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. J Sport Health Sci 2016; 5(1): 80-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004] [PMID: 30356896]
[46]
Kruse RL, Lemaster JW, Madsen RW. Fall and balance outcomes after an intervention to promote leg strength, balance, and walking in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: “feet first” randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2010; 90(11): 1568-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090362] [PMID: 20798179]
[47]
Mohammadi V, Alizadeh M, Gaieni A. The effects of six weeks strength exercises on static and dynamic balance of young male athletes. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 2011; 2012(31): 247-50.
[48]
Tibone JE, Fechter J, John T. Evaluation of a proprioception pathway in patients with stable and unstable shoulders with somatosensory cortical evoked potentials Committee CSRSE, editor Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2nd ed. 1976; 21: pp. (1)1-6.
[49]
Rogan S, Taeymans J, Radlinger L, et al. Effects of whole-body vibration on postural control in elderly: An update of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73(July): 95-112.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.07.022] [PMID: 28800481]
[50]
Yoo H-N, Chung E, Lee B-H. The effects of augmented reality-based otago exercise on balance, gait, and falls efficacy of elderly women. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25(7): 3-4.
[51]
Rendon AA, Lohman EB, Thorpe D, Johnson EG, Medina E, Bradley B. The effect of virtual reality gaming on dynamic balance in older adults. Age Ageing 2012; 41(4): 549-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs053] [PMID: 22672915]
[52]
Park E-C, Kim S-G, Lee C-W. The effects of virtual reality game exercise on balance and gait of the elderly. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27(4): 1157-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.1157] [PMID: 25995578]
[53]
Hijmans JM, Geertzen JHB, Zijlstra W, Hof AL, Postema K. Effects of vibrating insoles on standing balance in diabetic neuropathy. J Rehabil Res Dev 2008; 45(9): 1441-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2008.02.0023] [PMID: 19319766]
[54]
Lipsitz LA, Lough M, Niemi J, Travison T, Howlett H, Manor B. A shoe insole delivering subsensory vibratory noise improves balance and gait in healthy elderly people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96(3): 432-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.004] [PMID: 25450133]
[55]
Galica AM, Kang HG, Priplata AA, et al. Subsensory vibrations to the feet reduce gait variability in elderly fallers. Gait Posture 2009; 30(3): 383-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.07.005] [PMID: 19632845]
[56]
Yong M-S, Lee Y-S. Effect of ankle proprioceptive exercise on static and dynamic balance in normal adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29(2): 242-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.242] [PMID: 28265149]
[57]
Han J, Anson J, Waddington G, Adams R, Liu Y. The role of ankle proprioception for balance control in relation to sports performance and injury. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015842804
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/842804] [PMID: 26583139]
[58]
Karakaya MG, Rutbİl H, Akpinar E, Yildirim A, Karakaya İÇ. Effect of ankle proprioceptive training on static body balance. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27(10): 3299-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.3299] [PMID: 26644697]
[59]
Herscovici D Jr, Scaduto JM. Management of high-energy foot and ankle injuries in the geriatric population. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2012; 3(1): 33-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2151458511436112] [PMID: 23569695]
[60]
Ouzounian TJ, Shereff MJ. Common ankle disorders of the elderly: diagnosis and management. Geriatrics 1988; 43(12): 73-80.
[PMID: 3192081]
[61]
Pai S, Ledoux WR. The compressive mechanical properties of diabetic and non-diabetic plantar soft tissue. J Biomech 2010; 43(9): 1754-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.021] [PMID: 20207359]
[62]
Duquette JJ, Grigg P, Hoffman AH. The effect of diabetes on the viscoelastic properties of rat knee ligaments. J Biomech Eng 1996; 118(4): 557-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796043] [PMID: 8950660]
[63]
Petrella RJ, Lattanzio PJ, Nelson MG. Effect of age and activity on knee joint proprioception. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 76(3): 235-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199705000-00015] [PMID: 9207711]
[64]
Sharma L. Proprioceptive impairment in knee osteoarthritisRheum Dis Clin North Am 1999; 25(2): 299-314,vi.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70069-7] [PMID: 10356419]
[65]
King KB, Rosenthal AK. The adverse effects of diabetes on osteoarthritis: update on clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23(6): 841-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.031] [PMID: 25837996]
[66]
Sundararaghavan V, Mazur MM, Evans B, Liu J, Ebraheim NA. Diabetes and bone health: latest evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2017; 9(3): 67-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720X16687480] [PMID: 28344668]
[67]
Agrawal Y, Carey JP, Della Santina CC, Schubert MC, Minor LB. Diabetes, vestibular dysfunction, and falls: analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Otol Neurotol 2010; 31(9): 1445-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f2f035] [PMID: 20856157]
[68]
D’Silva LJ, Lin J, Staecker H, Whitney SL, Kluding PM. Impact of diabetic complications on balance and falls: contribution of the vestibular system. Phys Ther 2016; 96(3): 400-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140604] [PMID: 26251477]
[69]
Ricci NA, Aratani MC, Caovilla HH, Ganança FF. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on balance control in older people with chronic dizziness: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 95(4): 256-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000370] [PMID: 26368833]
[70]
Moreh E, Jacobs JM, Stessman J. Fatigue, function, and mortality in older adults. Journals Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci. Med Sci 2010; 65A(8): 887-95.
[71]
Son SM. Influence of Obesity on postural stability in young adults. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016; 7(6): 378-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.10.001] [PMID: 28053843]
[72]
Teasdale N, Simoneau M, Corbeil P, Handrigan G, Tremblay A, Hue O. Obesity alters balance and movement control. Curr Obes Rep 2013; 2(3): 235-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13679-013-0057-8]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy