Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Clinical Trial

Vitamin D Deficiency, Prevalence and Treatment in Neonatal Period

Author(s): Atiye Fedakâr*

Volume 19, Issue 6, 2019

Page: [866 - 873] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190215152045

Price: $65

Abstract

Objective: Maternal vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor that causes infantile rickets in the neonatal and infantile period. The aim of this study was to review the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency and the follow-ups with infants and their mothers by the neonatal intensive care unit of Afiyet Hospital in Turkey.

Methods: Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and 25 (OH) vitamin D were studied and prospectively recorded in infants and their mothers detected to have hypocalcemia during routine biochemistry tests performed on the third postnatal day of the patients follow up and treated with different diagnoses.

Results: A total of 2,460 infants were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit between August 2014 and January 2018. Of the infants included in the study, 324 (66.1%) were male and 166 (33.8%) were female, and 366 (74.6%) of them had been delivered by cesarean section (C/S), 124 (25.3%) of them had been delivered by Normal Spontaneous Delivery (NSD). Hypocalcemia was detected in 490 (19.9%) of the infants. In a total of 190 (38.7%) infants and 86 mothers (17.5%), the levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D were found to be below the laboratory detection limit of <3 ng/ml. When vitamin D deficiency + insufficiency is assessed by season, 151 of them were found to be in summer (30.99%), 118 in spring (24.18%), 117 in the winter season(23.87%), and 93 in autumn(18.97%), respectively. There was a statistically significant positive correlation of 78.7% between the vitamins D values of the mothers and the infants (p: 0.000, p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study conducted that a positive correlation of between the vitamin D values of the mothers and the infants. In order to prevent maternal vitamin D deficiency, the appropriate dose of prophylaxis providing optimal levels of vitamin D and should be given by according to the levels of 25 (OH) D vitamin during pregnancy.

Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, neonate, maternal vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, prevelance, intensive care unit.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Yurdakök, M.; Deren, Ö.; Yiğit, Ş.; Özyüncü, Ö.; Korkmaz, A. Prenatal pediatri güneş tıp kitapevleri. Bölüm, 2012, 27, 377-386.
[2]
Karras, S.N.; Shah, I.; Petroczi, A.; Goulis, D.G.; Bili, H.; Papadopoulou, F.; Harizopoulou, V.; Tarlatzis, B.C.; Naughton, D.P. An observational study reveals that neonatal vitamin D is primarily determined by maternal contributions: implications of a new assay on the roles of vitamin D forms. Nutr. J., 2013, 12, 77-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-77] [PMID: 23911222]
[3]
Holick, M.F.; Vitamin, D. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed; , 1999, p. 329.
[4]
Pehlivan, I.; Hatun, S.; Aydoğan, M.; Babaoğlu, K.; Gökalp, A.S. Maternal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants. Turk. J. Pediatr., 2003, 45(4), 315-320.
[PMID: 14768796]
[5]
Açıkgöz, A.; Günay, T.; Uçku, R.; Vitamin, D. Requirements and Supplementation during Pregnancy. Turk Silahli Kuvvetleri Koruyucu Hekim. Bul., 2013, 12(5), 597-608.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1346410426]
[6]
Mehrotra, P.; Marwaha, R.K.; Aneja, S.; Seth, A.; Singla, B.M.; Ashraf, G.; Sharma, B.; Sastry, A.; Tandon, N. Hypovitaminosis d and hypocalcemic seizures in infancy. Indian Pediatr., 2010, 47(7), 581-586.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-010-0131-1] [PMID: 20019397]
[7]
Thorne-Lyman, A.; Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin D during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 2012, 26(Suppl. 1), 75-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01283.x] [PMID: 22742603]
[8]
Merewood, A.; Mehta, S.D.; Chen, T.C.; Bauchner, H.; Holick, M.F. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2009, 94(3), 940-945.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1217] [PMID: 19106272]
[9]
Ponsonby, A.L.; Lucas, R.M.; Lewis, S.; Halliday, J. Vitamin D status during pregnancy and aspects of offspring health. Nutrients, 2010, 2(3), 389-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu2030389] [PMID: 22254029]
[10]
Aghajafari, F.; Nagulesapillai, T.; Ronksley, P.E.; Tough, S.C.; O’Beirne, M.; Rabi, D.M. Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ, 2013, 346, f1169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f1169] [PMID: 23533188]
[11]
Dani, C.; Reali, M.F.; Bertini, G.; Wiechmann, L.; Spagnolo, A.; Tangucci, M.; Rubaltelli, F.F. Risk factors for the development of respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnoea in newborn infants. Eur. Respir. J., 1999, 14(1), 155-159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14a26.x] [PMID: 10489844]
[12]
Lubchenco, L.O.; Hansman, C.; Boyd, E. Intrauterine growth in length and head circumference as estimated from live births at gestational ages from 26 to 42 weeks. Pediatrics, 1966, 37(3), 403-408.
[PMID: 5906365]
[13]
Ovalı, F. Neonatoloji 2; edition Diyabetik Anne Çocuğu, 2007, pp. 741-746.
[14]
Holick, M.F.; Binkley, N.C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; Gordon, C.M.; Hanley, D.A.; Heaney, R.P.; Murad, M.H.; Weaver, C.M. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 96(7), 1911-1930.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385] [PMID: 21646368]
[15]
Fujisawa, Y.; Kida, K.; Matsuda, H. Role of change in vitamin D metabolism with age in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in normal human subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1984, 59(4), 719-726.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem-59-4-719] [PMID: 6541227]
[16]
Karras, S.N.; Anagnostis, P.; Bili, E.; Naughton, D.; Petroczi, A.; Papadopoulou, F.; Goulis, D.G. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and offspring bone development: the unmet needs of vitamin D era. Osteoporos. Int., 2014, 25(3), 795-805.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2468-5] [PMID: 23907574]
[17]
Nicolaidou, P.; Hatzistamatiou, Z.; Papadopoulou, A.; Kaleyias, J.; Floropoulou, E.; Lagona, E.; Tsagris, V.; Costalos, C.; Antsaklis, A. Low vitamin D status in mother-newborn pairs in Greece. Calcif. Tissue Int., 2006, 78(6), 337-342.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-006-0007-5] [PMID: 16830197]
[18]
Panichi, V.; Migliori, M.; Taccola, D.; Consani, C.; Giovanni, L. Effects of calcitriol on the immune system. Clin. Exper. Pharmac., 2003, 30, 807-811.
[19]
Gannagé-Yared, M.H.; Chemali, R.; Yaacoub, N.; Halaby, G. Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country: relation to lifestyle and bone markers. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2000, 15(9), 1856-1862.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.9.1856] [PMID: 10977006]
[20]
Awumey, E.M.; Mitra, D.A.; Hollis, B.W.; Kumar, R.; Bell, N.H. Vitamin D metabolism is altered in Asian Indians in the southern United States: a clinical research center study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1998, 83(1), 169-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.1.169] [PMID: 9435436]
[21]
De-Regil, L.M.; Palacios, C.; Ansary, A. Kulier.; R, Peña-Rosas, JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2012, 15, 2.
[22]
Vieth, R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 69(5), 842-856.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/69.5.842] [PMID: 10232622]
[23]
Saraf, R.; Morton, S.M.; Camargo, C.A., Jr; Grant, C.C. Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status - a systematic review. Matern. Child Nutr., 2016, 12(4), 647-648.
[24]
Parlak, M.; Kalay, S.; Kalay, Z.; Kirecci, A.; Guney, O.; Koklu, E. Severe vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in Turkey. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med., 2015, 28, 548-551.
[25]
Güven, A.; Ecevit, A.; Tarcan, A.; Tarcan, A.; Özbek, N. Cord blood vitamin D levels. Çocuk Sagligi Hastalik. Derg., 2011, 54, 55-61.
[26]
van der Meer, I.M.; Karamali, N.S.; Boeke, A.J.; Lips, P.; Middelkoop, B.J.; Verhoeven, I.; Wuister, J.D. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant non-Western women in The Hague, Netherlands. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2006, 84(2), 350-353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.2.350] [PMID: 16895882]
[27]
Karras, S.N.; Anagnostis, P.; Annweiler, C.; Naughton, D.P.; Petroczi, A.; Bili, E.; Harizopoulou, V.; Tarlatzis, B.C.; Persinaki, A.; Papadopoulou, F.; Goulis, D.G. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy: the Mediterranean reality. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2014, 68(8), 864-869.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.80] [PMID: 24824015]
[28]
Bodnar, L.M.; Simhan, H.N.; Powers, R.W.; Frank, M.P.; Cooperstein, E.; Roberts, J.M. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the northern United States and their neonates. J. Nutr., 2007, 137(2), 447-452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.2.447] [PMID: 17237325]
[29]
Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; Giovannucci, E.; Willett, W.C.; Dietrich, T.; Dawson-Hughes, B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2006, 84(1), 18-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.1.18] [PMID: 16825677]
[30]
Mithal, A.; Kalra, S. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2014, 18(5), 593-596.
[PMID: 25285272]
[31]
van der Meer, I.M.; Karamali, N.S.; Boeke, A.J.; Lips, P.; Middelkoop, B.J.; Verhoeven, I.; Wuister, J.D. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant non-Western women in The Hague, Netherlands. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2006, 84(2), 350-353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.2.350] [PMID: 16895882]
[32]
Baker, A.M.; Haeri, S.; Camargo, C.A., Jr; Espinola, J.A.; Stuebe, A.M. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2010, 95(11), 5105-5109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0996] [PMID: 20719829]
[33]
Wagner, C.; Baggerly, C.; Mcdonnell, S.; Baggerly, L.; Hamilton, S.; Winkler, J.; Hamilton, S.A.; McNeil, R.; Hollis, B.W.; Davis, D.J.; Cook, C. Post-hoc comparison of vitamin D status at three timepoints during pregnancy demonstrateslower risk of preterm birth with higher vitamin D closer to delivery. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2015, 148, 256-260.
[34]
Tamer, L.H.; Aykanat, Y.; Sağır, F.G. çelik, O.; Özdemir, S. Status of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in preeclampsia and preterm birth. J. Perinatol., 2017, 25(3), 91-96.
[35]
Bodnar, L.M.; Platt, R.W.; Simhan, H.N. Early-pregnancy vitamin D deficiency and risk of preterm birth subtypes. Obstet. Gynecol., 2015, 125(2), 439-447.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000000621] [PMID: 25569002]
[36]
Pérez-López, F.R.; Vitamin, D. Vitamin D: the secosteroid hormone and human reproduction. Gynecol. Endocrinol., 2007, 23(1), 13-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09513590601045629] [PMID: 17484507]
[37]
Thorne-Lyman, A.; Fawzi, W.W. Vitamin D during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 2012, 26(Suppl. 1), 75-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01283.x] [PMID: 22742603]
[38]
Bikle, D. Nonclassic actions of vitamin D. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2009, 94(1), 26-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1454] [PMID: 18854395]
[39]
İyidir, Ö.; Altınova, A. Vitamin D vs. Diabetes Mellitus. Turk. Jem., 2012, 16, 89-94.
[40]
Salama, M.M.; El-Sakka, A.S. Hypocalcemic seizures in breastfed infants with rickets secondary to severe maternal vitamin D deficiency. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 2010, 13, 437-442.
[41]
Marin, L.; Dufour, M.E.; Nguyen, T.M.; Tordet, C.; Garabedian, M. Maturational changes induced by 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in type II cells from fetal rat lung explants. Am. J. Physiol., 1993, 265(1 Pt 1), L45-L52.
[PMID: 8338181]
[42]
Marin, L.; Dufour, M.E.; Tordet, C.; Nguyen, M. 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates phospholipid biosynthesis and surfactant release in fetal rat lung explants. Biol. Neonate, 1990, 57(3-4), 257-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000243200] [PMID: 2322608]
[43]
Onwuneme, C.; Martin, F.; McCarthy, R.; Carroll, A.; Segurado, R.; Murphy, J.; Twomey, A.; Murphy, N.; Kilbane, M.; McKenna, M.; Molloy, E. The association of vitamin D status with acute respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. J. Pediatr., 2015, 166(5), 1175-1180.e1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.01.055] [PMID: 25919726]
[44]
Singh, G.; Sood, R.; Narang, G.S.; Brar, H.K.; Bagga, A.K. Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: A case-control studyInternational Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Singh G et al. Int. J. Contemp. Pediatr., 2017, 4(3), 827-831.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171526]
[45]
Öngen, B.; Kabaroğlu, C.; Parıldar, Z. Biochemical and Laboratory Evaluation of Vitamin D. Turk Klin. Biyokim. Derg., 2008, 6(1), 23-31.
[46]
Çetinkaya, M.; Cekmez, F.; Buyukkale, G.; Erener-Ercan, T.; Demir, F.; Tunc, T.; Aydın, F.N.; Aydemir, G. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis in term infants. J. Perinatol., 2015, 35(1), 39-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2014.146] [PMID: 25102323]
[47]
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 495: Vitamin D: Screening and supplementation during pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol., 2011, 118(1), 197-198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318227f06b] [PMID: 21691184]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
80
3
1
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy