Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Discovery Technologies

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1638
ISSN (Online): 1875-6220

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Therapeutic Aspects of Squill; An Evidence-Based Review

Author(s): Khadije Saket, Jalil T. Afshari, Ehsan Saburi, Mahdi Yousefi and Roshanak Salari*

Volume 17, Issue 3, 2020

Page: [318 - 324] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125154745

Price: $65

Abstract

From ancient times, medicinal plants have been usually utilized to treat many disorders, but today, interest in these herbs is again aroused, because of their fewer side effects and low-cost. In traditional medicine, for many diseases, various medicinal herbs have been suggested so far. Drimia maritime, also named squill, is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In the current evidence-based study, we conducted a review of the general characteristics, ingredients, administration form, and side effects of squill in traditional medicine. For this purpose, traditional Persian medicine literatures and electronic databases were examined including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Many compounds are isolated from D.maritima, including scillaren, scillirubroside, scillarenin, and bufadienolide glycosides. Oxymel is the most commonly used form of squill for various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Besides, squill has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive, and dermatological disorders, it is also used against various cancer cells for its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Moreover, there is relatively reliable evidence of its benefits for bacterial and helminthic infections, rheumatism, edema, gout, abortion induction, healing of wounds and urine induction. It seems that supplementary studies are required to explore the bioactive agents and their effective mechanisms.

Keywords: Drimia maritime, antioxidant, characteristics, squill, therapeutic aspects, medicial plants.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Brouwer N, Liu Q, Harrington D, et al. An ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in New South Wales. Molecules 2005; 10(10): 1252-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/10101252] [PMID: 18007517]
[2]
Adebayo JO, Krettli AU. Potential antimalarials from Nigerian plants: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133(2): 289-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.024] [PMID: 21093570]
[3]
Helms S. Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng. Altern Med Rev 2004; 9(3): 259-74.
[PMID: 15387718]
[4]
Stedje B. A revision of the genus Drimia [Hyacinthaceae] in East Africa. Nord J Bot 1987; 7(6): 655-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1987.tb02034.x]
[5]
Lakshman AB, Paramasivam G. Biosystematics studies on medicinal plant Urginea indica Kunth liliaceae-A review International journal of pharmacy & life sciences 2012;; 3(1)
[6]
Boulos L. Flora of Egypt:Volume 2 Cairo: Al Hadara Publishing 373p-illus, col illus ISBN 2002. 1185494658.
[7]
Bozorgi M, Amin G, Shekarchi M, Rahimi R. Traditional medical uses of Drimia species in terms of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. J Tradit Chin Med 2017; 37(1): 124-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(17)30036-5] [PMID: 29960283]
[8]
Bozcuk H. Urginea maritima [L.] Baker [Liliaceae] extract induces more cytotoxicity than standard chemotherapeutics in the A549 non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] cell line. Turk J Med Sci 2011; 41(1): 101-8.
[9]
Duke JA. Handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC press 2002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420040463]
[10]
Merghoub N, Amzazi S, Morjani H. Cytotoxic effect of some Moroccan medicinal plant extracts on human cervical cell lines. J Med Plants Res 2009; 3(12): 1045-50.
[11]
Pascual-Villalobos MJ. Anti-insect activity of bufadienolides from Urginea maritima Trends in new crops and new uses Edited by J Janick and A Whipkey ASHS Press. Alexandria, Virginia 2002; pp. 564-6.
[12]
Iizuka M, Warashina T, Noro T. Bufadienolides and a new lignan from the bulbs of Urginea maritima. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49(3): 282-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.49.282] [PMID: 11253917]
[13]
Metin M, Bürün B. Effects of the high doses of Urginea maritima [L.] baker extract on chromosomes. Caryologia 2010; 63(4): 367-75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2010.10589748]
[14]
Deepak AV, Salimath BP. Antiangiogenic and proapoptotic activity of a novel glycoprotein from U. indica is mediated by NF-kappaB and Caspase activated DNase in ascites tumor model. Biochimie 2006; 88(3-4): 297-307.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2005.08.008] [PMID: 16216405]
[15]
Ghani A. Medicinal plants of Bangladesh: chemical constituents and uses: Asiatic society of Bangladesh 1998.
[16]
Nejatbakhsh F, Karegar-Borzi H, Amin G, et al. Squill Oxymel, a traditional formulation from Drimia Maritima (L.) Stearn, as an add-on treatment in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma: A pilot, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 196: 186-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.032] [PMID: 27998692]
[17]
Karegar-Borzi H, Salehi M, Rahimi R. Laūq: A sustained-release dosage form for respiratory disorders in traditional persian medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 21(1): 63-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215587417] [PMID: 26008751]
[18]
Zarshenas MM, Badr P, Moein MR. Laooq: selective respiratory dosage form used in medieval Persia. Pharm Hist (Lond) 2013; 43(2): 34-8.
[PMID: 24624709]
[19]
Bashir S, Abbas S, Khan A, Gilani AH. Studies on bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant activities of Urginea indica. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2013; 8(3): 249-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v8i3.14825]
[20]
Pharmacopoeia B. Introduction general notices monographs. Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Substance 2003.
[21]
Griffiths B, Willms L, Jayathissa S. AV conduction block and proximal myopathy induced by Gee’s cough linctus N Z Med J 2009; 122(1293) : 3557. [Online]
[PMID: 19448793]
[22]
Usmanghani K, Saeed A, Alam MT. Indusyunic medicine Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculity of Pharmacy. Pakistan: University of Karachi 1997; pp. 363-4.
[23]
K Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press 1990.
[24]
Prajapati ND. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants: A Complete Source Book. India: Agrobios 2003.
[25]
Stafford GI, Jäger AK, van Staden J. Effect of storage on the chemical composition and biological activity of several popular South African medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 97(1): 107-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.021] [PMID: 15652284]
[26]
Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD, Newall CA. Herbal medicines. Pharmaceutical Press London 2007.
[27]
Sathiyamoorthy P, Lugasi-Evgi H, Schlesinger P, Kedar I, Gopas J, Pollack Y, et al. Screening for cytotoxic and antimalarial activities in desert plants of the Negev and Bedouin market plant products. Pharm Biol 1999; 37(3): 188-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.3.188.6298]
[28]
Shenoy SR, Kameshwari MN, Swaminathan S, Gupta MN. Major antifungal activity from the bulbs of Indian squill Urginea indica is a chitinase. Biotechnol Prog 2006; 22(3): 631-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp050305n] [PMID: 16739943]
[29]
Mammadov R, Makasçı-Afacan A, Uysal-Demir D, Görk Ç. Determination of antioxidant activities of different Urginea maritima [L.] Baker plant extracts. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010; 29(3): 47-53. [IJCCE].
[30]
Duthie GG, Duthie SJ, Kyle JA. Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants. Nutr Res Rev 2000; 13(1): 79-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442200108729016] [PMID: 19087434]
[31]
Hollman PCH, Arts ICW. Flavonols, flavones and flavanols–nature, occurrence and dietary burden. J Sci Food Agric 2000; 80(7): 1081-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1081:AID-JSFA566>3.0.CO;2-G]
[32]
Sultana N, Akter K, Nahar N, et al. Novel flavonoid glycosides from the bulbs of Urginea indica Kunth. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24(11): 1018-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786410902899022] [PMID: 20552524]
[33]
Terness P, Navolan D, Dufter C, Kopp B, Opelz G. The T-cell suppressive effect of bufadienolides: structural requirements for their immunoregulatory activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1(1): 119-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(00)00264-2] [PMID: 11367509]
[34]
Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SR, Shaala LA, Alshali KZ, Youssef DT. Urgineaglyceride A: a new monoacylglycerol from the Egyptian Drimia maritima bulbs. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28(19): 1583-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.927468] [PMID: 24938488]
[35]
Wang XW, Mao Y, Wang N-L, Yao XS. A new phloroglucinol diglycoside derivative from Hypericum japonicum Thunb. Molecules 2008; 13(11): 2796-803.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules13112796] [PMID: 19002080]
[36]
Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SR. Eucalyptone G, a new phloroglucinol derivative and other constituents from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ARKIVOC 2007; 15: 281-91.
[37]
Jin J-M, Zhang Y-J, Yang C-R. Four new steroid constituents from the waste residue of fibre separation from Agave americana leaves. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52(6): 654-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.654] [PMID: 15187383]
[38]
Koorbanally NA, Koorbanally C, Harilal A, Mulholland DA, Crouch NR. Bufadienolides from Drimia robusta and Urginea epigea Phytochemistry 2004; 65(23): 3069-73. [Hyacinthaceae]..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.051 ] [PMID: 15541733]
[39]
Ti H, Wu P, Lin L, Wei X. Stilbenes and flavonoids from Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis. Fitoterapia 2011; 82(4): 662-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.001] [PMID: 21316425]
[40]
Malikov V, Yuldashev M. Phenolic compounds of plants of the Scutellaria L. genus. Distribution, structure, and properties. Chem Nat Compd 2002; 38(4): 358-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021638411150]
[41]
Kamboj A, Saluja AK. Isolation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from petroleum ether extract of aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011; 3(1): 94-6. [Asteraceae].
[42]
Gabay O, Sanchez C, Salvat C, et al. Stigmasterol: a phytosterol with potential anti-osteoarthritic properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18(1): 106-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2009.08.019] [PMID: 19786147]
[43]
Vahouny GV, Connor WE, Subramaniam S, Lin DS, Gallo LL. Comparative lymphatic absorption of sitosterol, stigmasterol, and fucosterol and differential inhibition of cholesterol absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37(5): 805-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/37.5.805] [PMID: 6846219]
[44]
Panda S, Jafri M, Kar A, Meheta BK. Thyroid inhibitory, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects of stigmasterol isolated from Butea monosperma. Fitoterapia 2009; 80(2): 123-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.12.002] [PMID: 19105977]
[45]
Jain P, Bari S, Surana S. Isolation of stigmasterol and ý-sitosterol from petroleum ether extract of woody stem of Abelmoschus manihot. Asian journal of biological sciences 2009; 2(4): 112-7..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2009.112.117]
[46]
Shi JG, Li G-Q, Huang S-Y, et al. Furostanol oligoglycosides from Asparagus cochinchinensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2004; 6(2): 99-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1028602031000135576] [PMID: 15008456]
[47]
Laghari AQ, Memon S, Nelofar A, Laghari AH. Tecomella undulata G. Don: a rich source of flavonoids. Ind Crops Prod 2013; 43: 213-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.025]
[48]
Bagrov AY, Shapiro JI. Endogenous digitalis: pathophysiologic roles and therapeutic applications. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008; 4(7): 378-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0848] [PMID: 18542120]
[49]
Babu Bevara G, Naveen Kumar A, Koteswramma K, Kumar Badana A, Kumari S, Sastry Yarla N, et al. C-glycosyl Flavone from Urginea indica Inhibits Growth and Dissemination of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells in Mice Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry [Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents] 2017; 17(9): 1256-66.
[50]
Namjoyan F, Jahangiri A, Azemi ME, Mousavi H. Inhibitory Effects of Urginea maritima [L.] Baker, Zhumeria majdae Rech F and Wendelbo and Physalis divaricata D Don Ethanolic Extracts on Mushroom Tyrosinase PHARM 2016; 22(2)
[51]
Belhaddad OE, Charef N, Amamra S, et al. Chromatographic fractionation, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Urginea maritima methanolic extract. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30(1): 127-34. [1]..
[PMID: 28603122]
[52]
Abbas S, Bashir S, Khan A, Mehmood MH, Gilani AH. Gastrointestinal stimulant effect of Urginea indica Kunth. and involvement of muscarinic receptors. Phytother Res 2012; 26(5): 704-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3634] [PMID: 22006863]
[53]
Sato N, Muro T. Antiviral activity of scillarenin, a plant bufadienolide. Jpn J Microbiol 1974; 18(6): 441-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1974.tb00832.x] [PMID: 4375728]
[54]
Tabarrai M, Kasraei R. The report of a treatment of recurrent ovarian endometriotic cyst by using therapeutic methods of traditional Persian Medicine. Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2017; 2(1): 27-30.
[55]
Gilani AH, Rahman AU. Trends in ethnopharmocology. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100(1-2): 43-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.001] [PMID: 16127805]
[56]
Sakula A. Points: Wenckebach’s phenomenon induced by cough linctus. BMJ 1986; 292(6528) 1140. [Clinical research ed].
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6528.1140-b]
[57]
Aghili M. Makhzan-al-Advia. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2009.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
32
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy