Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Association Between Immunologic and Virologic Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV, Tehran, Iran

Author(s): Saeed Ghodrati , Zahra Shahabinezhad and SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi*

Volume 19, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [297 - 303] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666181221123932

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: With recent progress in the treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH) and their increased rate of survival, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important issue.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of current CD4 cell count, baseline CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 cell count, and plasma viral load with health-related quality of life in PLWH.

Methods: Participants were 67 PLWH who were under the treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Participants were divided into the two groups with high and low levels of current CD4 cell count, baseline CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 cell count and plasma viral load. We used independent sample t-test for data analysis using SPSS 22 software.

Results: Our results demonstrated that for current CD4 cell count, the group differences were significant for total scores of HRQoL (P=0.028), also in the components of physical functioning (P=0.032), role limitation due to physical health problems (P=0.006), and role limitation due to emotional problems (P=0.009). Our data analysis showed that for baseline CD4 cell count (P=0.62), nadir CD4 cell count (P=0.29), and viral load group (P=0.78), the differences were not significant for HRQoL.

Conclusion: Knowing the association between current CD4 count and health-related quality of life, adherence to ART might be a motivator for PLWH to enhance their health-related quality of life.

Keywords: CD4, nadir CD4, baseline CD4, health-related quality of life, plasma viral load, HIV, AIDS.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Kohli, R.M.; Sane, S.; Kumar, K.; Paranjape, R.S.; Mehendale, S.M. Assessment of quality of life among HIV-infected persons in Pune, India. Qual. Life Res., 2005, 14(6), 1641-1647.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-7082-8] [PMID: 16110943]
[2]
Razavi, P.; Hajifathalian, K.; Saeidi, B.; Esmaeeli Djavid, G.; Rasoulinejad, M.; Hajiabdolbaghi, M. Volume quality of life among persons with HIV/AIDS in Iran: internal reliability and validity of an international instrument and associated factors. AIDS research and treatment., 2012.
[3]
Piette, J.; Wachtel, T.J.; Mor, V.; Mayer, K. The impact of age on the quality of life in persons with HIV infection. J. Aging Health, 1995, 7(2), 163-178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089826439500700201] [PMID: 10165953]
[4]
Barnes, S.; Brown, K.W.; Krusemark, E.; Campbell, W.K.; Rogge, R.D. The role of mindfulness in romantic relationship satisfaction and responses to relationship stress. J. Marital Fam. Ther., 2007, 33(4), 482-500.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00033.x] [PMID: 17935531]
[5]
Organization, W.H. Country protocol for developing the WHO quality of life (WHOQOL): HIV/aids module; WHO: Genebra, 1997.
[6]
Ferrans, C.E.; Zerwic, J.J.; Wilbur, J.E.; Larson, J.L. Conceptual model of health-related quality of life. J. Nurs. Scholarsh., 2005, 37(4), 336-342.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00058.x] [PMID: 16396406]
[7]
Hogg, R.S.; Heath, K.; Bangsberg, D.; Yip, B.; Press, N.; O’Shaughnessy, M.V.; Montaner, J.S. Intermittent use of triple-combination therapy is predictive of mortality at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. AIDS, 2002, 16(7), 1051-1058.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200205030-00012] [PMID: 11953472]
[8]
Ironson, G.; O’Cleirigh, C.; Kumar, M.; Kaplan, L.; Balbin, E.; Kelsch, C.B.; Fletcher, M.A.; Schneiderman, N. Psychosocial and neurohormonal predictors of HIV disease progression (CD4 cells and viral load): A 4 year prospective study. AIDS Behav., 2015, 19(8), 1388-1397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0877-x] [PMID: 25234251]
[9]
Mwesigire, D.M.; Martin, F.; Seeley, J.; Katamba, A. Relationship between CD4 count and quality of life over time among HIV patients in Uganda: a cohort study. Health Qual. Life Outcomes, 2015, 13(1), 144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0332-3] [PMID: 26370702]
[10]
Stangl, A.L.; Wamai, N.; Mermin, J.; Awor, A.C.; Bunnell, R.E. Trends and predictors of quality of life among HIV-infected adults taking highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS Care, 2007, 19(5), 626-636.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701203915] [PMID: 17505923]
[11]
Jelsma, J.; Maclean, E.; Hughes, J.; Tinise, X.; Darder, M. An investigation into the health-related quality of life of individuals living with HIV who are receiving HAART. AIDS Care, 2005, 17(5), 579-588.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331319714] [PMID: 16036244]
[12]
Bucciardini, R.; Pugliese, K.; Weimer, L.; Digregorio, M.; Fragola, V.; Mancini, M.; Maroccia, Z.; Ladisa, N.; Francisci, D.; Bellagamba, R.; Degli Antoni, A.; Guaraldi, G.; Cirioni, O.; Ortu, F.; Parruti, G.; Mannazzu, M.; Libertone, R.; Donnini, S.; Floridia, M. Relationship between health-related quality of life measures and high HIV viral load in HIV-infected triple-class-experienced patients. HIV Clin. Trials, 2014, 15(4), 176-183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hct1504-176] [PMID: 25143026]
[13]
Akinboro, A.O.; Akinyemi, S.O.; Olaitan, P.B.; Raji, A.A.; Popoola, A.A.; Awoyemi, O.R.; Ayodele, O.E. Quality of life of Nigerians living with human immunodeficiency virus. Pan Afr. Med. J., 2014, 18, 234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2014.18.234.2816] [PMID: 25426192]
[14]
Gill, CJ; Griffith, JL; Jacobson, D; Skinner, S; Gorbach, SL Wilson, IB Relationship of HIV viral loads, CD4 counts, and HAART use to health-related quality of life. J. Acquir Immune. Defici. Syndr (1999), 2002, 30, (5), 485-92.2002.
[15]
Harding, R.; Simms, V.; Penfold, S.; Downing, J.; Namisango, E.; Powell, R.A.; Mwangi-Powell, F.; Moreland, S.; Gikaara, N.; Atieno, M.; Higginson, I.J. Quality of life and wellbeing among HIV outpatients in East Africa: a multicentre observational study. BMC Infect. Dis., 2014, 14(1), 613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-014-0613-1] [PMID: 25403371]
[16]
Nglazi, M.D.; West, S.J.; Dave, J.A.; Levitt, N.S.; Lambert, E.V. Quality of life in individuals living with HIV/AIDS attending a public sector antiretroviral service in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 2014, 14(1), 676.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-676] [PMID: 24990360]
[17]
Jia, H.; Uphold, C.R.; Wu, S.; Chen, G.J.; Duncan, P.W. Predictors of changes in health-related quality of life among men with HIV infection in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2005, 19(6), 395-405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2005.19.395] [PMID: 15989435]
[18]
Weinfurt, K.P.; Willke, R.J.; Glick, H.A.; Freimuth, W.W.; Schulman, K.A. Relationship between CD4 count, viral burden, and quality of life over time in HIV-1-infected patients. Med. Care, 2000, 38(4), 404-410.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200004000-00007] [PMID: 10752972]
[19]
Magafu, M.G.; Moji, K.; Igumbor, E.U.; Hashizume, M.; Mizota, T.; Komazawa, O.; Cai, G.; Yamamoto, T. Usefulness of highly active antiretroviral therapy on health-related quality of life of adult recipients in Tanzania. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2009, 23(7), 563-570.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2008.0278] [PMID: 19534603]
[20]
Arpinelli, F.; Visonà, G.; Bruno, R.; De Carli, G.; Apolone, G. Health-related quality of life in asymptomatic patients with HIV. Evaluation of the SF-36 health survey in Italian patients. Pharmacoeconomics, 2000, 18(1), 63-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200018010-00007] [PMID: 11010605]
[21]
Venter, E.; Gericke, G.J.; Bekker, P. Nutritional status, quality of life and CD4 cell count of adults living with HIV/AIDS in the Ga-Rankuwa area (South Africa). South Afr. J. Clin. Nutr., 2009, 22(3), 124-129.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2009.11734233]
[22]
Armon, C.; Lichtenstein, K. The associations among coping, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, and non-HIV-related variables with health-related quality of life among an ambulatory HIV-positive patient population. Qual. Life Res., 2012, 21(6), 993-1003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-0017-2] [PMID: 21938643]
[23]
Vidrine, D.J.; Amick, B.C., III; Gritz, E.R.; Arduino, R.C. Functional status and overall quality of life in a multiethnic HIV-positive population. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2003, 17(4), 187-197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108729103321619791] [PMID: 12737642]
[24]
Call, S.A.; Klapow, J.C.; Stewart, K.E.; Westfall, A.O.; Mallinger, A.P.; DeMasi, R.A.; Centor, R.; Saag, M.S. Health-related quality of life and virologic outcomes in an HIV clinic. Qual. Life Res., 2000, 9(9), 977-985.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016668802328] [PMID: 11332226]
[25]
Organization, WH Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach-2010 revision., 2010.
[26]
Staszewski, S.; DeMasi, R.; Hill, A.M.; Dawson, D. HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count and the risk of progression to AIDS and death during treatment with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. AIDS, 1998, 12(15), 1991-1997.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199815000-00010] [PMID: 9814867]
[27]
Ware, J.E., Jr; Sherbourne, C.D. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med. Care, 1992, 30(6), 473-483.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002] [PMID: 1593914]
[28]
Montazeri, A.; Goshtasebi, A.; Vahdaninia, M.; Gandek, B. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Qual. Life Res., 2005, 14(3), 875-882.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-1014-5] [PMID: 16022079]
[29]
Wilson, I.B.; Cleary, P.D. Linking clinical variables with healthrelated quality of life. A conceptual model of patient outcomes. JAMA, 1995, 273(1), 59-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520250075037] [PMID: 7996652]
[30]
Burgoyne, R.W.; Rourke, S.B.; Behrens, D.M.; Salit, I.E. Long-term quality-of-life outcomes among adults living with HIV in the HAART era: the interplay of changes in clinical factors and symptom profile. AIDS Behav., 2004, 8(2), 151-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AIBE.0000030246.19577.fb] [PMID: 15187477]
[31]
Elliott, A.J.; Russo, J.; Roy-Byrne, P.P. The effect of changes in depression on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in HIV infection. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry, 2002, 24(1), 43-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00174-8] [PMID: 11814533]
[32]
Jia, H.; Uphold, C.R.; Wu, S.; Reid, K.; Findley, K.; Duncan, P.W. Health-related quality of life among men with HIV infection: effects of social support, coping, and depression. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2004, 18(10), 594-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2004.18.594] [PMID: 15630787]
[33]
Tate, D.; Paul, R.H.; Flanigan, T.P.; Tashima, K.; Nash, J.; Adair, C.; Boland, R.; Cohen, R.A. The impact of apathy and depression on quality of life in patients infected with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2003, 17(3), 115-120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108729103763807936] [PMID: 12724007]
[34]
Selvaraj, V.; Ross, M.W.; Unnikrishnan, B.; Hegde, S. Association of quality of life with major depressive disorder among people with HIV in South India. AIDS Care, 2013, 25(2), 169-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.689809] [PMID: 22639937]
[35]
Dalmida, S.G.; Koenig, H.G.; Holstad, M.M.; Wirani, M.M. The psychological well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS and the role of religious coping and social support. Int. J. Psychiatry Med., 2013, 46(1), 57-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/PM.46.1.e] [PMID: 24547610]
[36]
Bekele, T.; Rourke, S.B.; Tucker, R.; Greene, S.; Sobota, M.; Koornstra, J.; Monette, L.; Rueda, S.; Bacon, J.; Watson, J.; Hwang, S.W.; Dunn, J.; Guenter, D. Direct and indirect effects of perceived social support on health-related quality of life in persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 2013, 25(3), 337-346.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.701716] [PMID: 22774876]
[37]
Remor, E. [Social support and quality of life in the HIV infection Aten. Primaria, 2002, 30(3), 143-148.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0212-6567(02)78993-2] [PMID: 12139849]
[38]
Clingerman, E. Physical activity, social support, and health-related quality of life among persons with HIV disease. J. Community Health Nurs., 2004, 21(3), 179-197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn2103_5] [PMID: 15388396]
[39]
Simioni, S.; Cavassini, M.; Annoni, J-M.; Rimbault Abraham, A.; Bourquin, I.; Schiffer, V.; Calmy, A.; Chave, J.P.; Giacobini, E.; Hirschel, B.; Du Pasquier, R.A. Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of viremia. AIDS, 2010, 24(9), 1243-1250.
[PMID: 19996937]
[40]
Tozzi, V.; Balestra, P.; Murri, R.; Galgani, S.; Bellagamba, R.; Narciso, P.; Antinori, A.; Giulianelli, M.; Tosi, G.; Fantoni, M.; Sampaolesi, A.; Noto, P.; Ippolito, G.; Wu, A.W. Neurocognitive impairment influences quality of life in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART. Int. J. STD AIDS, 2004, 15(4), 254-259.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646204773557794] [PMID: 15075020]
[41]
Rueda, S.; Raboud, J.; Mustard, C.; Bayoumi, A.; Lavis, J.N.; Rourke, S.B. Employment status is associated with both physical and mental health quality of life in people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 2011, 23(4), 435-443.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.507952] [PMID: 21271396]
[42]
Farhoudi, B.; Alipour, A.; Ghodrati, S.; Seyedalinaghi, S.; Zanganeh, M.; Mohraz, M. Barriers to Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment Among Inmates of a Prison in Tehran, Iran: A Qualitative Study. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases., 2018, 13(2)e57911
[43]
Bangsberg, D.R.; Perry, S.; Charlebois, E.D.; Clark, R.A.; Roberston, M.; Zolopa, A.R.; Moss, A. Non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts progression to AIDS. AIDS, 2001, 15(9), 1181-1183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200106150-00015] [PMID: 11416722]
[44]
Baesi, K.; Ravanshad, M.; Ghanbarisafari, M.; Saberfar, E. SeyedAlinaghi S, Volk JE. Antiretroviral drug resistance among antiretroviral‐naïve and treatment experienced patients infected with HIV in Iran. J. Med. Virol., 2014, 86(7), 1093-1098.
[45]
Paydary, K.; Khaghani, P.; Emamzadeh-Fard, S.; Alinaghi, S.A.; Baesi, K. The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti–retroviral therapy. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2013, 3(7), 515-522.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
40
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy