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Current Molecular Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1566-5240
ISSN (Online): 1875-5666

Review Article

Polyreactive Antibodies in Anti-HIV-1 Responses

Author(s): H. Liao and Z. Zhang*

Volume 18, Issue 2, 2018

Page: [126 - 133] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180720165406

Price: $65

Abstract

In order to combat the vast array of infectious agents it may encounter, the adaptive immune system develops a tremendously diversified antibody repertoire. B cells expressing polyreactive or autoreactive antibodies are eliminated through multiple checkpoints during early B cell development. Defects in any of these checkpoints may lead to the production of polyreactive or autoreactive antibodies, and cause autoimmune diseases. However, recent studies on a panel of established HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and a large collection of recombinant anti-gp160 antibodies derived from HIV- 1-infected individuals showed that many of these antibodies are polyreactive or autoreactive. Whether these antibodies play important roles in combating HIV-1 infection or if they are merely by-products of chronic HIV-1 infection remains to be determined. In this review, we discuss the abnormalities in adaptive immune responses against HIV-1 infection with a focus on neutralizing antibodies against different antigenic epitopes of HIV-1 proteins. We also provide insight into the functional attributes of polyreactivity and autoreactivity as common and conserved features of HIV-1-specific antibodies. Furthermore, we summarize the autoantibodies isolated from HIV-infected individuals and their associations with clinical autoimmune diseases. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of utilizing polyreactive antibodies from HIV-infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody-based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for HIV. Understanding how polyreactive and autoreactive anti- HIV-1 antibodies are generated during the course of HIV-1 infection may provide new insights that will inform future vaccine design.

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, B cell, polyreactive antibody, autoreactive antibody, neutralizing antibody, autoimmune diseases.


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