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Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Review Article

Role of Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author(s): Adriane Bello-Klein*, Daniele Mancardi, Alex S. Araujo, Paulo C. Schenkel, Patrick Turck and Bruna G. de Lima Seolin

Volume 25, Issue 11, 2018

Page: [1340 - 1351] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171226114838

Price: $65

Abstract

This review addresses pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an incurable disease, which determines high morbidity and mortality. Definition of the disease, its characteristics, classification, and epidemiology are discussed. A difficulty in the diagnosis of PAH due to the lack of symptoms specificity is highlighted. Echocardiographic analysis and electrocardiogram of patients help in the diagnosis and in the follow up of the disease. Nevertheless, right ventricle (RV) catheterization constitutes the gold standard for diagnosing PAH. Oxidative stress and inflammation, in an interactive manner, play a major role in the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and consequent increase of pulmonary pressure. The latter results in an increase in RV afterload, culminating with RV hypertrophy, which may progress to failure. Both clinical and experimental studies have shown increased oxidative stress and inflammation, not only in lungs and pulmonary vasculature but also in RV. The use of experimental models, such as the monocrotaline-induced PAH, has helped in the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH, as well as in the development of new therapeutic strategies. In addition to the traditional therapeutics, the use of therapeutic interventions capable of modulating oxidative stress and inflammation may offer newer strategies in the prevention as well as management of this disease.

Keywords: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, monocrotaline, redox homeostatis, pathogenesis.


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