Abstract
The immune system is an intricate and coordinated nexus serving as a natural defense to preclude internal and external pathogenic insults. The deregulation in the natural balance of immunological functions as a consequence of either over expression or under expression of immune cells tends to cause disruption of homeostasis in the body and may lead to development of numerous immune system disorders. Chalcone moieties (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) have been well-documented as ideal lead compounds or precursors to design a wide range of pharmacologically active agents to down-regulate various immune disorders. Owing to their unique structural and molecular framework, these α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties have also gained remarkable recognition due to their other multifarious pharmacological properties including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, antibacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anticancer potential. Though a great number of methodologies are currently being employed for their synthesis, this review mainly focuses on the natural and synthetic chalcone derivatives that are exclusively synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction and their immunomodulatory prospects. We have critically reviewed the literature and provided convincing evidence for the promising efficacy of chalcone derivatives to modulate functioning of various innate and adaptive immune players including granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes.
Keywords: Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, natural and synthetic chalcones, efficient immunomodulation, innate and adaptive immune players, phagocytes, infection.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Exploring Promising Immunomodulatory Potential of Natural and Synthetic 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one Analogs: A Review of Mechanistic Insight
Volume: 18 Issue: 12
Author(s): Muhammad Hassan Safdar, Humna Hasan, Sajal Afzal and Zahid Hussain*
Affiliation:
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor,Malaysia
Keywords: Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, natural and synthetic chalcones, efficient immunomodulation, innate and adaptive immune players, phagocytes, infection.
Abstract: The immune system is an intricate and coordinated nexus serving as a natural defense to preclude internal and external pathogenic insults. The deregulation in the natural balance of immunological functions as a consequence of either over expression or under expression of immune cells tends to cause disruption of homeostasis in the body and may lead to development of numerous immune system disorders. Chalcone moieties (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) have been well-documented as ideal lead compounds or precursors to design a wide range of pharmacologically active agents to down-regulate various immune disorders. Owing to their unique structural and molecular framework, these α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties have also gained remarkable recognition due to their other multifarious pharmacological properties including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, antibacterial, anti-tuberculosis, and anticancer potential. Though a great number of methodologies are currently being employed for their synthesis, this review mainly focuses on the natural and synthetic chalcone derivatives that are exclusively synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction and their immunomodulatory prospects. We have critically reviewed the literature and provided convincing evidence for the promising efficacy of chalcone derivatives to modulate functioning of various innate and adaptive immune players including granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T-lymphocytes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Safdar Hassan Muhammad , Hasan Humna , Afzal Sajal and Hussain Zahid *, Exploring Promising Immunomodulatory Potential of Natural and Synthetic 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one Analogs: A Review of Mechanistic Insight, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2018; 18 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557517666171123212039
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557517666171123212039 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
Natural Products in Drug Discovery
Natural products have always been one of the important ways of drug discovery due to their novel skeleton and diverse functional group characteristics. According to statistics, between 1981 and 2019, the FDA approved a total of 1,394 small molecule drugs for marketing, of which 930 marketed drugs originated from the ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
pH-dependent Activities and Structural Stability of Loop-2-anchoring Helix of RadA Recombinase from Methanococcus voltae
Protein & Peptide Letters Microbial Genomics and Novel Antibiotic Discovery: New Technology to Search for New Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mild Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan with Carboxylic Acids and the Heterogeneous Catalyst Couple AlPW12O40 / Mg(OH)2
Current Organic Chemistry Synthesis of Novel Amides Based on Acridone Scaffold with Interesting Antineoplastic Activity
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles: A controlled Release Approach Towards Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Drug Delivery Letters Recent Patents on Oral Vaccine Design
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Spices Chemoconstituents as Persuasive Inhibitor of S. typhimurium Virulent Protein L-asparaginase
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Unleashing the Potential of Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery: Focusing on <i>Streptomyces</i> as Antimicrobials Goldmine
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Screening for Novel Antituberculosis Agents that are Effective Against Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry One-Step Synthesis of 1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-Ylmethyl-2,3-Dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan- 4,5-Diones
Current Organic Synthesis False Resistance to Antiparasitic Drugs: Causes from Shelf Availability to Patient Compliance
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalysed Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Aminoketones Using 3-Aryl-4-Formylsydnones
Letters in Organic Chemistry Contribution of Antimicrobial Peptides to the Development of New and Efficient Antimicrobial Strategies
Current Proteomics Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus in Northwest of Iran
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets A Review of Computational Identification of Protein Post-Translational Modifications
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Vascular Wall-Related Biomarkers in Sepsis: A Review of Current Evidence and a Critical Appraisal of Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Hemoglobin Degrading Proteases of Plasmodium falciparum as Antimalarial Drug Targets
Current Drug Targets Current and Future Treatment Options in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Editorial [Tuberculosis Drugs and Drug Targets]
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 3-(1-Adamantylthio)-4-Phenylpyridine as a Potential Therapeutic for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery