Abstract
Background: Adaptive upregulation of Androgen Receptor (AR) is the most common event involved in the progression from hormone sensitive to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). AR signaling remains the main target of new AR signalling-directed therapies such as abiraterone and enzalutamide in CRPC patients.
Objective: In this review, we discuss general mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeted therapies, with a focus on the role of AR Copy Number (CN). We reported methods and clinical applications of AR CN evaluation in tissue and liquid biopsy, thus to have a complete information regarding its role as predictive and prognostic biomarker.
Conclusion: Outcomes of CRPC patients are reported to be highly variable as the consequence of tumor heterogeneity. AR CN could contribute to patient selection and tumor monitoring in CRPC treated with new anti-cancer treatment as abiraterone and enzalutamide. Further studies to investigate AR CN effect to these agents and its potential combination with other prognostic or predictive clinical factors are necessary in the context of harmonized clinical trial design.
Keywords: Androgen receptor, AR copy number, biomarkers, CRPC, prostate cancer, outcome.
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:AR Copy Number and AR Signaling-directed Therapies in Castrationresistant Prostate Cancer
Volume: 18 Issue: 9
Author(s): Samanta Salvi*, Vincenza Conteduca, Cristian Lolli, Sara Testoni, Valentina Casadio, Andrea Zaccheroni, Lorena Rossi, Salvatore Luca Burgio, Cecilia Menna, Giuseppe Schepisi and Ugo De Giorgi
Affiliation:
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola,Italy
Keywords: Androgen receptor, AR copy number, biomarkers, CRPC, prostate cancer, outcome.
Abstract: Background: Adaptive upregulation of Androgen Receptor (AR) is the most common event involved in the progression from hormone sensitive to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). AR signaling remains the main target of new AR signalling-directed therapies such as abiraterone and enzalutamide in CRPC patients.
Objective: In this review, we discuss general mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeted therapies, with a focus on the role of AR Copy Number (CN). We reported methods and clinical applications of AR CN evaluation in tissue and liquid biopsy, thus to have a complete information regarding its role as predictive and prognostic biomarker.
Conclusion: Outcomes of CRPC patients are reported to be highly variable as the consequence of tumor heterogeneity. AR CN could contribute to patient selection and tumor monitoring in CRPC treated with new anti-cancer treatment as abiraterone and enzalutamide. Further studies to investigate AR CN effect to these agents and its potential combination with other prognostic or predictive clinical factors are necessary in the context of harmonized clinical trial design.
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Cite this article as:
Salvi Samanta *, Conteduca Vincenza, Lolli Cristian , Testoni Sara, Casadio Valentina, Zaccheroni Andrea , Rossi Lorena , Burgio Luca Salvatore, Menna Cecilia , Schepisi Giuseppe and De Giorgi Ugo , AR Copy Number and AR Signaling-directed Therapies in Castrationresistant Prostate Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666171122145852
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666171122145852 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
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