Abstract
Background: Ultrasound (US) has the ever-rising role in the delivery of therapeutic agents that includes chemotherapeutic agents, proteins, and genetic material. The microbubbles are the cavitating gas bodies that act as the mediators through which the energy of relatively non-interactive pressure waves is accumulated to produce forces that can permeabilize cell membranes and disrupt the vesicles that carry the therapeutic agent. This shows that the microbubbles greatly enhance the delivery of smaller chemical agents, proteins and genetic material.
Method: Various databases of online literature and patented reports based on sonication were reviewed.
Results and Conclusion: The literature reveals that US-assisted drug delivery is used in the delivery of therapeutic agents into various tissues including vascular, cardiac, tumor, skeletal muscle and fetal tissue. US-assisted delivery of proteins has been studied in the application in transdermal delivery of insulin, hormones and small proteins. Cavitation effect occurring during the sonication reversibly disrupts the stratum corneum structure to allow the transport of the large molecules. Cavitation disrupts the structure of the carrier vesicle and releases the drug. But there still remains a need for better understanding the physics of cavitation of microbubbles and the impact of cavitation on drug-carrying vesicles and cells. Ultrasonic technology has been proven effective at creating encapsulating particles and droplets with specific physical and functional properties. This article provides an overview of the factors influencing ultrasonication and various nanosystems formulated by using this technology.
Keywords: Cavitation, chemotherapy, hyperthermia, microbubbles, targeted, ultrasound, liposomes, protein.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Vanadium and Titanium Resources for High-performance Materials via Nanostructuring and Nanoengineering (updated BMS-NANOTEC-2023-HT-31)
Vanadium and titanium-based materials are ideal candidates for structural and functional materials in aerospace, biomedical engineering, optics, catalysis, energy storage and conversion etc. Vanadium/titanium-based alloys, compounds and materials have a large family with different chemical compositions, dimensions, structures/morphologies, and chemical/physical/mechanical properties, which provides huge opportunities for the development of emerging ...read more
Green Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for a Sustainable Environment
Green nanotechnology (GN) might wind up being the most efficient platform for achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda. The goal of GN is to create goods and procedures that are secure, energy-efficient, waste-free, and emit fewer greenhouse gases. Such goods and procedures use renewable resources, and/or their environmental impact ...read more
Nano-coatings and Nanoscale Composites for Hazardous Environments
Automobile, defence, and aerospace sectors need lightweight material for fuel efficiency and lower emissions. Often these materials are added with nanoscale reinforcements or have to be coated with nanomaterials to improve the scratch resistance, self-healing behaviour and corrosion and wear resistance and are all much needed for hazardous environments without ...read more
NANOSTRUCTURED NEUROMORPHIC DEVICES: TOWARDS IN MATERIA COMPUTING
The efforts pursued in the last decade to build up brain-inspired systems with electronic hardware solutions to solve complex data processing tasks, have leaded to the development of a new generation of devices, as memristor crossbar arrays, and their different applications became more and more reliable. One of the basic ...read more
Related Books
Nanoscale Field Effect Transistors: Emerging Applications
Nanoelectronics Devices: Design, Materials, and Applications Part II
Nanoelectronics Devices: Design, Materials, and Applications (Part I)
Role of Nanotechnology in Cancer Therapy
Synthesis and Applications of Semiconductor Nanostructures
Pathways to Green Nanomaterials: Plants as Raw Materials, Reducing Agents and Hosts
Applications of Nanomaterials in Medical Procedures and Treatments
Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Nanobiotechnology: Principles and Applications
Bio-Inspired Nanotechnology
40
9