Abstract
Fat stress-induced liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome initiated by excess fat accumulation and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor lesion progressing to more aggressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of these fat stress-induced liver diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide in parallel with the growing epidemics of obesity and metabolic diseases, its exact pathogenesis is not well defined. Although obesity, sedentary life-style, altered dietary pattern, insulin resistance, altered intestinal barrier function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress have been acknowledged as contributing factors because of the indefinite pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the only reliable treatment is lifestyle intervention composed of restrictive diet and exercise. Additionally, some existing medications such as pioglitazone and antioxidants such as vitamin E were reported to be effective; in this review, several novel agents especifically targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis under clinical trial will be introduced. These include an NPC1L1 blocker (ezetimibe), which significantly improved histological and symptomatic scores associated with steatohepatitis and fibrosis; clofibrate, phentoxyfylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, and tocopherol, all of which are prescribed to relieve fat stress; and additional IgY targeted NPC1L1, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are actively under investigation to confirm the safety of long-term use.
Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, pharmacological therapy, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, IgY targeted NPC1L1, fatty acids.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter
Volume: 23 Issue: 27
Author(s): Ji-Young Cha, Jong-Min Park, Ho-Jae Lee, Jin-Sik Bae, Young-Min Han, Byung-Chul Oh, Kwang Hyun Ko and Ki-Baik Hahm*
Affiliation:
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex and CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, 463-838,Korea
Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, pharmacological therapy, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, IgY targeted NPC1L1, fatty acids.
Abstract: Fat stress-induced liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome initiated by excess fat accumulation and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor lesion progressing to more aggressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of these fat stress-induced liver diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide in parallel with the growing epidemics of obesity and metabolic diseases, its exact pathogenesis is not well defined. Although obesity, sedentary life-style, altered dietary pattern, insulin resistance, altered intestinal barrier function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress have been acknowledged as contributing factors because of the indefinite pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the only reliable treatment is lifestyle intervention composed of restrictive diet and exercise. Additionally, some existing medications such as pioglitazone and antioxidants such as vitamin E were reported to be effective; in this review, several novel agents especifically targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis under clinical trial will be introduced. These include an NPC1L1 blocker (ezetimibe), which significantly improved histological and symptomatic scores associated with steatohepatitis and fibrosis; clofibrate, phentoxyfylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, and tocopherol, all of which are prescribed to relieve fat stress; and additional IgY targeted NPC1L1, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are actively under investigation to confirm the safety of long-term use.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cha Ji-Young , Park Jong-Min , Lee Ho-Jae , Bae Jin-Sik , Han Young-Min , Oh Byung-Chul , Ko Hyun Kwang and Hahm Ki-Baik *, Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170714124824
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170714124824 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase as a Marker for Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Role of Toxicogenomics in the Development of Safe, Efficacious and Novel Anti-microbial Therapies.
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Utility and Limitations of SP600125, an Inhibitor of Stress-Responsive c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase
Current Enzyme Inhibition Antibodies as Crypts of Antiinfective and Antitumor Peptides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Software Analysis of Two-Dimensional Electrophoretic Gels in Proteomic Experiments
Current Bioinformatics Endogenous Retroelements in Cellular Senescence and Related Pathogenic Processes: Promising Drug Targets in Age-Related Diseases
Current Drug Targets Eco-friendly Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Analogs and Their Anticancer and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Activities
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry When Ubiquitin Meets NF-κB: A Trove for Anti-cancer Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Medicinal Chemistry of Theragnostics, Multimodality Imaging and Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer
Current Genomics <i>In silico</i> and <i>In vitro</i> Investigation of a Likely Pathway for Anti-Cancerous Effect of Thrombocidin-1 as a Novel Anticancer Peptide
Protein & Peptide Letters Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Review: Hair Health, Concerns of Shampoo Ingredients and Scalp Nourishing Treatments
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Apoptosis-Induction is A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Cancers
Current Gene Therapy Comprehensive Analysis of the mRNA-lncRNA Co-expression Profile and ceRNA Networks Patterns in Chronic Hepatitis B
Current Genomics Lipid Transport into Bile and Role in Bile Formation
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Multitarget Drugs of Plants Origin Acting on Alzheimer's Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents on Heat Shock Proteins Targeting Antibodies
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Regenerative Medicine: Does Erythropoietin have a Role?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanoparticles, Promising Carriers in Drug Targeting: A Review
Current Drug Therapy