Abstract
Background: The lack of specific and efficient cancer therapies has influenced the development of novel approaches, such as immunotherapy, which from its original application of immunogenic protein delivery has developed into the use of more sophisticated recombinant gene delivery methods to achieve better safety and efficacy profiles. This approach involves viral and non-viral delivery systems.
Methods: Expression vectors have been engineered for alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. For immunotherapeutic applications, recombinant particles, RNA replicons and layered DNA vectors that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and cytokines have been studied in animal models and in a few clinical trials.
Results: Immunization studies with TAAs and cytokines have elicited strong antibody responses and vaccination has provided protection against challenges with tumor cells in mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of TAAs and cytokines, antibodies and growth factors and the co-administration of chemotherapeutics and bacteriabased adjuvants have enhanced immunogenicity. Intratumoral and systemic delivery of recombinant alphavirus particles has demonstrated significant tumor regression and prolonged survival rates in rodent tumor models.
Conclusion: Alphavirus-based immunotherapy represents a rapid and efficient method for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in animal models.
Keywords: Alphaviruses, recombinant particles, RNA replicons, layered DNA vectors, immunotherapy, vaccines, gene therapy, cancer therapy.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy
Volume: 23 Issue: 32
Author(s): Anna Zajakina, Karina Spunde and Kenneth Lundstrom*
Affiliation:
- PanTherapeutics, Rue des Remparts 4, CH1095 Lutry,Switzerland
Keywords: Alphaviruses, recombinant particles, RNA replicons, layered DNA vectors, immunotherapy, vaccines, gene therapy, cancer therapy.
Abstract: Background: The lack of specific and efficient cancer therapies has influenced the development of novel approaches, such as immunotherapy, which from its original application of immunogenic protein delivery has developed into the use of more sophisticated recombinant gene delivery methods to achieve better safety and efficacy profiles. This approach involves viral and non-viral delivery systems.
Methods: Expression vectors have been engineered for alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. For immunotherapeutic applications, recombinant particles, RNA replicons and layered DNA vectors that express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and cytokines have been studied in animal models and in a few clinical trials.
Results: Immunization studies with TAAs and cytokines have elicited strong antibody responses and vaccination has provided protection against challenges with tumor cells in mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of TAAs and cytokines, antibodies and growth factors and the co-administration of chemotherapeutics and bacteriabased adjuvants have enhanced immunogenicity. Intratumoral and systemic delivery of recombinant alphavirus particles has demonstrated significant tumor regression and prolonged survival rates in rodent tumor models.
Conclusion: Alphavirus-based immunotherapy represents a rapid and efficient method for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in animal models.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zajakina Anna , Spunde Karina and Lundstrom Kenneth*, Application of Alphaviral Vectors for Immunomodulation in Cancer Therapy, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622094715
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170622094715 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
(Neuro)Transmitter Systems in Circulating Immune Cells: A Target of Immunopharmacological Interventions?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Rift Valley Fever Virus
Current Molecular Medicine Biological Relevance of Lysophospholipids and Green Solutions for Their Synthesis
Current Organic Chemistry Oncolytic HSV-1 Virotherapy: Clinical Experience and Opportunities for Progress
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors as Antiretroviral Agents
Current HIV Research GEMSP: A New Therapeutic Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Immune Therapy for Infectious Diseases at the Dawn of the 21st Century: the Past, Present and Future Role of Antibody Therapy, Therapeutic Vaccination and Biological Response Modifiers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endotoxin, TLR4 Signaling and Vascular Inflammation: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design CXCL8 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Current Drug Targets Ocular Application of Macrobiomolecules in Anti-Allergy and Anti- Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents ABC Transporters in Neurological Disorders: An Important Gateway for Botanical Compounds Mediated Neuro-Therapeutics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nicotine and Nicotinic Receptor Involvement in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Biotechnological Approaches for Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods
Current Biotechnology Tauopathies – Focus on Changes at the Neurovascular Unit
Current Alzheimer Research AIDS-Defining Illnesses: A Comparison Between Before and After Commencement of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Current HIV Research A Feature-Free 30-Disease Pathological Brain Detection System by Linear Regression Classifier
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Neuroscience of Maternal Behaviour
Current Psychiatry Reviews Do You See What I See: Recognition of Protozoan Parasites by Toll-Like Receptors
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Therapeutic Applications of Peptides against Zika Virus: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) DNA Vaccine Delivered Using a Spring-powered Jet Injector Elicits a Potent Neutralizing Antibody Response in Rabbits and Nonhuman Primates
Current Gene Therapy